许昌市魏都区生态地质环境恢复研究

Study on restoration of eco-geological environment in Wei'du District of Xuchang City

河南省许昌市曾是严重缺水城市之一,其地下水生态地质环境严重恶化。2013年7月,许昌市被水利部列为全国首批水生态文明建设试点。选取许昌市魏都区为研究对象,以使用南水北调水源和大力推进区内生态文明建设两项重大事件(2014年)为时间节点,分别选取研究区2002、2014、2019、2020年4个年份的地下水水位与水质数据,应用统计分析和对比研究方法对研究区内地下水水位、地下水水质恢复情况进行研究。另外,应用多元统计分析方法解析了魏都区内土壤重金属含量,对比研究魏都区内土壤质量恢复程度。研究结果表明,研究区内水生态环境建设实施区域附近浅层地下水水位恢复较快。浅层地下水水质总体呈恢复趋势,中深层地下水水质总体有微弱恢复。总硬度、溶解性总固体单项因子达到Ⅳ类水质,地下水水质有所恶化。研究区中层土壤质量基本上保持自然背景水平,与研究区前期分析成果对比,各重金属单因子中,Cu、Ni、Pb含量大致相当,Cr、Zn含量降低比较明显。

Xuchang City in Henan Province was once one of the cities with severe water shortage,and the eco-geological environment of groundwater in Xuchang City deteriorated seriously.In July 2013,Xuchang City was listed as the first pilot of water ecological civilization construction by the Ministry of Water Resources.In this paper,Weidu District of Xuchang City is selected as the research object,and two major events(2014),namely,using the water source of South-to-North Water Transfer Project and vigorously carrying out ecological civilization construction in the region,are taken as time nodes,and the groundwater level and water quality data of the study area in 2002,2014 and 2019 are selected.The recovery of groundwater level and quality in the study area was studied by statistical analysis and comparative study.In addition,the content of heavy metals in soil in Weidu District was analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis method,and the restoration degree of soil quality in Weidu District was comparatively studied.The research results show that,the shallow groundwater level near the implementation area of water ecological environment construction in the study area recovered rapidly.The water quality of shallow groundwater generally shows a recovery trend,while the water quality of middle and deep groundwater generally has a slight recovery.The single factor of total hardness and total dissolved solids reached Class IV water quality,and the groundwater quality deteriorated.The middle soil quality in the study area basically keeps the natural background level.Compared with the previous analysis results in the study area,the contents of Cu,Ni and Pb in each single factor of heavy metals are roughly equal,while the contents of Cr and Zn are obviously reduced.