东林学人高攀龙拟陶诗刍论

A Brief Discussion on the Poems of the Confucian Gao Panlong of the Donglin School on Imitations of Tao Yuanming

高攀龙不仅在学术上是东林学派的主要领袖,而且其诗歌创作也代表了东林学人的最高成就。高诗格律清和,诗意冲澹,以效陶著称。清人沈德潜称其诗“无心学陶,天趣自会”,此说并不符合高诗创作的实际情况。高攀龙十分仰慕陶渊明,并视陶为异代知音,其在诗文中一再表达对陶氏的激赏,而且在诗歌创作中也有意学陶,留下明显的效仿痕迹。虽然高攀龙并非“无心学陶”,但高诗仅得陶诗委任自然、达天知化的一面,而缺乏陶诗中丰富饱满、真挚动人的情感内蕴,因此整体上不及陶诗生动耐读,这与两人不同的生活境遇以及高攀龙的性理思想有着密切关系。

Gao Panlong is not only the main leader of the Donglin School in philosophy,his poetry creation also represents the highest level of Donglin School philosophers.Gao Panlong’s poetry is fresh and natural and is famous for imitating Tao Yuanming.Shen Deqian said that his poems learn Tao Yuanming without the intention,the natural interest will be learned,which is not in line with the actual situation of Gao Panlong’s poetry creation.Gao Panlong admired Tao Yuanming very much,and regarded Tao as a bosom friend of another generation.He repeatedly expressed his appreciation for Tao in his poems,and he deliberately learned from Tao in his poetry creation,leaving obvious traces of imitation.Although Gao Panlong is not unintentionally learning Tao Yuanming,Gao’s poems only have the natural and intellectual side of Tao’s poems,and lack the rich,full,sincere and moving emotions in Tao’s poems,so they are not as vivid and durable as Tao’s poems.Their different life situations and Gao Panlong’s philosophical thoughts are closely related.