中国社区社会化养老服务需求变迁及影响因素——基于CLHLS 2005—2018年的纵贯分析

Changes in the Demand for Socialized Elderly Care Services in Chinese Communities and Their Influencing Factors——Based on the Longitudinal Analysis of CLHLS 2005—2018

本文基于中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)2005年、2008年、2011年、2014年、2018年五期纵贯数据,研究中国社区社会化养老服务需求变迁及影响因素,以期为老年人供给精准化的养老服务提供实证依据。采用描述性统计分析社区社会化养老服务需求状况及变化趋势,利用面板Logit模型分析其影响因素。研究结果显示,在养老服务需求变迁方面,医疗保健服务需求一直最强烈,生活照料服务需求上升趋势最明显;在需求的影响因素方面,年龄、居住地、受教育状况、子女性别结构、居住状况、是否经常锻炼、日常生活活动能力、抑郁情绪等因素对其有显著影响。在此基础上,建议完善社区社会化养老服务体系,提高社区养老服务水平,满足不同特征和背景的老年人多样化的养老需求。

Based on five-phase longitudinal data of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS)in 2005,2008,2011,2014,and 2018,we research the changes in the demand for socialized elderly care in Chinese communities and the influencing factors,to give empirical evidence for providing the elderly with accurate elderly care services.Descriptive statistics are used to analyze the demand status and changing trends of community socialized elderly care,and the panel Logit model is used to analyze its influencing factors.The research results show that in terms of changes in demand for elderly care,the need for medical care has always been the strongest,and the need for life care has the most obvious upward trend.In terms of influencing factors,age,place of residence,educational level,gender structure of children,living conditions,regular exercise,activities of daily life,depression have significant impacts.On this basis,we recommend improving the community’s socialized elderly care system,improving the level of community elderly care,so as to meet the diverse needs of elderly people with different characteristics and backgrounds.