急进型早产儿视网膜病变的治疗效果

Effect of Comprehensive Treatment for Aggressive Retinopathy of Prematurity

目的观察急进型早产儿视网膜病变的综合治疗效果。方法回顾性系列病例研究(Retrospective case study)。选取2015年7月至2020年5月就诊于昆明市儿童医院眼科经眼底筛查诊断为急进型早产儿视网膜病变(A-ROP)的患儿55例(110眼),女性35例,男性20例,胎龄24~37(29.47±2.30)周,出生体重730~2250(1322.09±322.75)g,所有患儿均在确诊后48 h内玻璃体腔内注射10 mg/mL雷珠单抗0.025 mL。术后1周,2周,1月,3月,6月,1 a后复查随访6次视网膜情况,随访期间观察患儿眼部情况及全身是否出现不良反应。病情复发或对雷珠单抗治疗无反应者予视网膜激光光凝治疗。注药后到补激光时间为26~48(36.58±5.59)d。并将单次注药有效和注药后补激光分为2组进行比较胎龄、母亲年龄、NICU住院时间、出生体重及吸氧时间作比较,t检验组间差异。结果110眼中经过单次注射雷珠单抗治疗有效为26例患儿52只眼,有效率47.3%,病变完全消退,附加病变消失,无新生血管增生,视网膜血管发育至3区。29例患儿57只眼病变未完全消退,部分患儿出现局部视网膜脱离,周边玻璃体轻微增殖,经补充视网膜激光光凝治疗后病变减轻,附加病变消退,无新生血管增生,视网膜血管发育至3区,占比51.8%,1只眼经注药1周后病变复发,新生血管增加,嵴较前增宽,无血管区范围未见明显缩小,血管未向无血管区继续生长,玻璃体腔内大量增殖膜形成,发生白内障合并视网膜部分脱离,行玻璃体切除及晶状体切除术,术后视网膜完全复位,占比0.9%。单次注药及注药后补激光的两组间胎龄、母亲年龄、NICU住院时间、出生体重及吸氧时间无差异(P>0.05)。所有患儿随访期间未发生眼部及全身不良反应。结论急进型早产儿视网膜病变经积极治疗后效果满意。

Objective To observe the effect of treatment for aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity(A-ROP).Methods Retrospective case studies were made and 55 premature infants(110 eyes) who were diagnosed as A-ROP were selected from Kunming Children’s Hospital from July 2015 to May 2020,including 35females and 20 males.The gestational age ranged from 24 to 37(29.47±2.30) weeks and the birth weight ranged from 730 to 2 250(1 322.09±322.75) g.All children received intravitreous injection of ranibizumb 10 mg/ml 0.03 ml(IVR) within 48 hours after the diagnosis.After IVR,the systemic and ocular adverse effects were observed during the follow-up and checked the retina after 1 week,2 weeks,1 month,3 months,6 months and 1 year for six times.Retinal Laser photocoagulation(LP) therapy was given to those recurrent eyes or not responding to ranibizumb.The time from IVR to LP were 26~48(36.58±5.59) days.The effectiveness of IVP and the LP after IVR were divided into two groups to compare the gestational age,maternal age,length of NICU hospital stay,birth weight and the duration of oxygen inhalation,and compared the differences by t-test.Results 47.3% of eyes(52 eyes of 110) after IVR were effective,the lesions completely subsided,the additional lesions disappeared,and there was no neovascularization.The retinal vessels developed to zone 3.57 eyes(51.8%) were treated with supplementary retinal LP.After IVR combined with LP,1 eye(0.9%) had the recurrence,cataract combined with partial retinal detachment,vitrectomy and lensectomy were performed,and the retina was completely restored after the surgery.No ocular or systemic adverse reactions occurred in all pantients during the follow-up.Conclusion The comprehensive treatment of IVR and LP in A-ROP is effective.