水电移民生计空间重构与可持续发展

Reconstruction of livelihood space and sustainable development of hydropower resettlement

在移民安置过程中,既存在原有生计资源的流失,也存在生计空间的重构,以及生计恢复的“不变”与生计转型的“变”。通过对移民生产安置前后生计空间变化的系统梳理,分析移民生计空间的置换、延展、优化、重组状况,以及由于产业结构变化带来的生计资源流失,社会网络空间断裂带来的生计能力降低,制度空间变化带来的生计排斥等潜在风险。认为必须精准识别移民生产安置前后空间变化状况,并通过顶层设计政策创新、精准识别生计空间需求、社区建设、社会资本开发、统筹城乡空间等方式重构一个可持续的生计空间,实现水电移民“搬得出,稳得住,能致富”,实现移民安置与水电开发利益共享。

During the resettlement,there exist the losses of the original livelihood resources and the reconstruction of livelihood space,and there is also the non-change of livelihood recovery and the change of livelihood transformation.Through arrangement of the change of livelihood space of resettlement,the replacement,extension,optimization and recombination of the livelihood space are analyzed,and the following potential risks are investigated:the losses of livelihood resources caused by the change of industrial structure,the decrease of livelihood level caused by social network disruption,and rejection of livelihood caused by the regime change.It is pointed out that the change status before and after resettlement should be accurately identified,and the sustainable livelihood space should be reconstructed through the means of policy innovation of top-level design,identification of development needs,community building,development of social capital,and balance of urban and rural space,etc.so as to help the hydropower resettlement to move out,to be steady and to be rich as well as to realize the livelihood recovery and to share the benefits of hydropower development.