不同生防菌剂组合及施用方式对马铃薯疮痂病的防治效果及促生作用

Biological control and growth promoting effect of potato common scab with different biocontrol agents and application method

【目的】为明确枯草芽胞杆菌ZD13-5、地衣芽胞杆菌SD24-3和解淀粉芽胞杆菌ZD21-4对马铃薯疮痂病的防效及促生作用。【方法】采用3株生防菌混配后拌入种薯处理和土壤(基质)处理的方式,通过盆栽和田间试验对生防和促生作用进行验证。【结果】盆栽试验表明,所用生防菌对马铃薯疮痂病有较好的防治效果,各处理病情指数均显著低于对照,其中ZD13-5+SD24-3+ZD21-4防治马铃薯疮痂病效果最佳且较稳定,2018和2019年该处理对马铃薯疮痂病的防治效果分别为80.68%和74.68%,2019年该处理种薯拌种产量增幅达23.81%,基质处理产量增幅达31.65%,2种施用方式间差异不显著。与对照相比,SD24-3+ZD21-4拌种处理马铃薯株高显著增加28.89%,SD24-3+ZD21-4基质处理茎粗显著增长56.76%。田间试验中,ZD13-5+SD24-3+ZD21-4马铃薯种薯拌种病情指数为13.89,土壤处理为23.33,均显著低于对照,其中种薯拌种防治效果达61.60%,显著优于其它处理;土壤处理防治效果仅为35.48%,次于种薯拌种与SD24-3+ZD21-4种薯拌种处理。各处理间促生作用增幅不显著,ZD13-5+SD24-3+ZD21-4马铃薯种薯拌种产量增加26.28%,土壤处理为34.23%。【结论】3个生防菌株对马铃薯疮痂病有较好的防治效果,同时也能促进植株生长、提高产量,在使用方式上种薯拌种比土壤喷施更适合,该研究可为今后马铃薯疮痂病生物防治制剂开发利用提供理论基础。

【Objective】The study aimed to clarify the control efficacy and growth promotion of Bacillus subtilis ZD13-5, B. licheniformis SD24-3, and B. amyloliquefaciens ZD21-4 on Common scab(CS). 【Method】Three strains were compounded, seed dressing and soil(substrate) application were used in both pot and field experiments to determine it. 【Result】A result from pot showed that the microbial biological control agents were used to have reasonable control of the disease, and the disease index of treatments was significantly lower than that of control. The control effects of ZD13-5+SD24-3+ZD21-4 were practical and stable and were 80.68% and 74.68% disease reduction in 2018 and 2019. Furthermore, ZD13-5+SD24-3+ZD21-4 increased the yield of potato, which were 23.81% in seed dressing and 31.65% in substrate application, and there were no significant differences between seed dressing and substrate application. The height of SD24-3+ZD21-4 increased 28.89% in seed dressing, and the stem diameter increased 56.76% in substrate application, which was significantly higher than that of the control.The field experiment results showed that the disease index of ZD13-5+SD24-3+ZD21-4 was 13.89 in seed dressing and 23.33 in soil application, there were significantly lower than that of control, the control effects of the disease was 61.60% in seed dressing, which was significantly higher than other treatments’, the control effects of the disease was 35.48% in soil application, it was lower than that of seed dressing and seed dressing of SD24-3+ZD21-4. However, there was no significant difference in plant growth in treatments. The potato yield was increased by 26.28% in ZD13-5+SD24-3+ZD21-4 seed dressing and by 34.23% in soil application. 【Conclusion】In this study, we found these three strains not only had good control on CS but also can promote potato growth and raise yield. Among the tested methods, seed dressing was a more effective way than soil application. These results provide a theoretical basis for developing and utilizing biological control formulation.