接种五种根系真菌对油松幼苗促生效应的研究

Effects of inoculation with five root fungi on growth of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings

【目的】探索根系共生真菌对北方重要园林绿化树种油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)的生理生态效应。【方法】设置油松接种牛肝菌属Suillus sp.(Su)、福廷瓶头霉Phialocephala fortinii(Pf)、须壳孢属Pseudopyrenochaeta sp.(Ps)、短梗蠕孢菌Pleotrichocladium opacum(Po)、斯氏曲霉Aspergillus spelunceus(As)和不接种对照(CK)处理,测定各处理油松幼苗的营养生长、根系形态、元素含量和土壤养分的含量等。【结果】①与CK相比,接种Su显著提高了油松幼苗地径、地上和地下部分生物量,分别提高了30.00%、31.57%和47.37%;而接种Pf显著提高了幼苗的株高和地下生物量,分别提高了3.99%和36.84%;接种Ps显著提高了幼苗株高和地径,分别提高了10.96%和15.00%;接种Po的幼苗株高、地径和地上生物量均低于CK植株,接种As的幼苗株高及地上和地下生物量显著低于CK植株。②菌根生长响应的结果表明,接种Pf、Ps和Su对油松幼苗生长具有正效应,且接种Su对油松幼苗的促进作用最大,而接种Po和As时菌根生长响应为负值,对植株生长产生了抑制效应。③接种Pf苗木根系的总根长和表面积,较CK分别显著提高了29.13%、22.16%;接种Ps苗木根系的总根长和表面积,较CK分别显著提高了24.20%、20.19%;接种Su显著增加了苗木根系的体积,较CK显著提高了79.55%。④与CK相比,接种Pf和Su显著提高了苗木的地上和地下部分N、P、K含量,而接种As的植株地上和地下部分N、P含量显著低于CK。⑤接种Pf和Su处理显著提高了土壤硝态N、铵态N、速效P和速效K的含量,而接种As处理的土壤铵态N、速效K的含量显著低于CK,不同菌株之间对土壤养分含量的影响表现出一定差异。【结论】接种Pf和Su对油松幼苗的促生效应较强,在油松育苗栽培中具有较好的应用潜力。

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the physiological and ecological effects of root symbiotic fungi on Pinus tabulaeformis, the important landscaping tree species in the north.【Method】P.tabulaeformis was inoculated with Suillus sp.(Su), Phialocephala fortinii(Pf), Pseudopyrenochaeta sp.(Ps), Pleotrichocladium opacum(Po), Aspergillus spelunceus(As) and non-inoculated treatment(CK). The vegetative growth, root morphology, element content and soil nutrient content of P. tabulaeformis seedlings were measured.【Result】(i) Compared with CK, the inoculation with Su significantly increased the ground diameter, aboveground and underground biomass of P. tabulaeformis seedlings by 30.00%, 31.57% and 47.37%;The inoculation with Pf significantly increased the plant height and underground biomass by 3.99% and 36.84% respectively;The plant height and ground diameter of seedlings were significantly increased by 10.96% and 15.00% when inoculated with Ps. The plant height, ground diameter and aboveground biomass of seedlings inoculated with Po were lower than those of CK, and the plant height and aboveground and underground biomass of seedlings inoculated with As were significantly lower than those of CK.(ii)The results of mycorrhizal growth response(MGR) showed that the inoculation of Pf, Ps and Su had positive effect on the growth of P. tabulaeformis seedlings, with the greatest promoting effect when the seedlings inoculated with Su, while the MGR was negative when inoculated with Po and As, indicating an inhibitory effect on plant growth.(iii) Compared with CK, the total root length and surface area of seedlings inoculated with Pf were significantly increased by 29.13% and 22.16%;The total root length and surface area of seedlings inoculated with Ps were significantly increased by 24.20% and 20.19%;The inoculation with Su significantly increased the root volume of seedlings, which was 79.55% higher than that of CK.(iv) Compared with CK, the inoculation with Pf and Su significantly increased the contents of N, P and K in the shoots and roots of seedlings, while the contents of N and P in the shoots and roots of plants inoculated with As were significantly lower than those of CK.(v) The inoculation with Pf and Su significantly increased the contents of soil nitrate N, ammonium N, available P and available K, while the contents of soil ammonium N and available K of seedlings inoculated with As were significantly lower than CK. The effects of different strains on soil nutrient content were different.【Conclusion】The inoculation of Pf and Su had a strong growth promoting effect on P. tabulaeformis seedlings and good application potential in the seedling cultivation.