磁流体推进技术应用及展望

文章主要介绍磁流体推进器原理,模型试验,优缺点及研究开发中的问题。它是利用通电海水在磁场中会受到电磁力的作用原理来提供动力。在开发研究上,要提高推进效率且减少海水中焦耳热功率的散失就要求产生很强的磁场,而常规磁体远远不能满足使用的要求,这就对高温超导体的发展提出要求。尽管高温超导磁体的研究有一些突破性进展,但是距离实用化阶段还有一段艰难的历程。除此之外,由于通电海水会发生电解反应,不仅会影响到电极的使用寿命还会产生气泡影响隐蔽性,电极技术也制约着磁流体推进的发展。

This paper mainly introduces the principle,model test,advantages and disadvantages and problems in research and development of MHD thruster.It uses the principle that electrified sea water will be subjected to electromagnetic force in the magnetic field to provide power.In the development and research,a strong magnetic field is required to improve the propulsion efficiency and reduce the loss of Joule thermal power in seawater,but the conventional magnet is far from meeting the requirements of use,which puts forward requirements for the development of high temperature superconductors.Although some breakthroughs have been made in the research of high temperature superconducting magnets,there is still a difficult process before the practical stage.In addition,due to the electrolytic reaction of electrified seawater,it will not only affect the service life of the electrode,but also produce bubbles to affect the concealment,and the electrode technology also restricts the development of MHD propulsion.