重探杜甫天宝七载前后行迹及心态--以“奉赠韦济”三诗为切入点

Re-Exploring Du Fu's Traces and Attitudes around the Seventh Year of Tianbao Period in the Tang Dynasty:with the Three Poems of“To Wei Ji”as A Starting Point

杜甫天宝六载(747)应诏下第后归隐偃师、后至洛阳漫游一说,实由南宋黄鹤对杜集中“奉赠韦济”三诗的系年及解读发展而来。20世纪末出土的《韦济墓志》表明黄鹤所据史料存在缺漏,由黄鹤系年发展而来的关于杜甫天宝七载行迹的论述也就需要再作探讨。去掉“层累的”成见之后分析现有文献材料,重新系年“赠韦”三诗,并不能得出杜甫天宝七载往返两京乃至回洛阳隐居、漫游的结论,而是发现杜甫主要活动于长安,进而可以看到杜甫“旅食京华”阶段从心雄万夫到降心求伸、再到愤郁决绝的心态转变历程。这种心态转变产生于长期持续的长安旅食生活,并非旧有传谱所认为的是天宝七载前后骤然改变的。

The story of Du Fu’s reclusion in Yanshi and his subsequent wanderings in Luoyang after his disqualification from the imperial court in the sixth year of Tianbao period in the Tang Dynasty(747 A.D.) was developed by Huang He’s interpretation of the three poems of "To Wei Ji" in Du’s collection.The Epitaph of Wei Ji unearthed at the end of the 20 th century shows that historical data quoted by Huang He has obvious loss,so his conclusion on Du Fu’s traces around the seventh year of Tianbao period needs to be reexamined.After removing the layered stereotypes,the existing literature and re-examination of the three poems of "To Wei Ji" to the year do not lead to the conclusion that Du Fu traveled between the two places and then back to Luoyang to live in seclusion during the seventh year of Tianbao period.All literature reveals that Du Fu stayed in Chang’an most of the time,which shows the change in his mentality when "living and eating in the Capital",from being ambitious to seeking help,and then to anger and determination.This change was the result of his long sojourn in Chang’an rather than a sudden change that happened around the seventh year of Tianbao,as traditionally believed.