煤系黄铁矿理化性质及浮选脱硫研究进展

Physical and chemical properties of coal pyrite and flotation desulfurization

煤炭是我国的主体能源,支撑着国民经济的快速发展。但煤中硫分严重影响了煤炭清洁利用,造成了严重的环境污染。黄铁矿是煤中硫的主要赋存形式,其表面性质及脱除方法对于煤炭的洁净利用至关重要。分析了煤系黄铁矿理化性质的差异,详细阐述了黄铁矿赋存状态的多样性、化学性质的复杂性与晶体性质的不均匀性,分析了黄铁矿的理化性质对脱硫的影响,指出针对不同理化性质采取特定脱除方法是物理法脱硫研究的重点。系统介绍了浮选脱硫的预处理方法,详述了超声波法、微波法与微生物法的研究现状与发展趋势,超声波能改变矿物表面性质和矿浆性质;微波法能提高煤泥浮选的选择性;微生物法具有污染少、能耗小等优点;将微波与超声波联用,能降低脱硫成本,最大限度提高脱硫率,因此微波与超声波联用是最有前景的方法。论述了pH调整剂、有机抑制剂、组合抑制剂的浮选脱硫效果,pH调整剂价格低廉,有机抑制剂环保有效,组合抑制剂可兼具pH调整剂和有机抑制剂的优点,是黄铁矿浮选抑制剂研究的重要方向。

Coal is the main energy in China and has been supporting the rapid development of the national economy.However,sulfur in coal has seriously affected the clean utilization of coal and caused serious environmental pollution.Pyrite is the main form of sulfur in coal.Its surface properties and removal methods are very important for the clean utilization of coal.This paper analyzes the differences of physical and chemical properties of pyrite in coal measures,expounds in detail the diversity of occurrence states,the complexity of chemical properties and the non-uniformity of crystal properties of pyrite,analyzes the influence of physical and chemical properties of pyrite on desulfurization,and points out that taking specific removal methods for different physical and chemical properties is the focus of physical desulfurization research.The pretreatment methods of flotation desulfurization are systematically introduced.The research status and development trend of ultrasonic method,microwave method and microbial method are described in detail.Ultrasonic can change the surface properties of minerals and the properties of pulp;microwave method improves the selectivity of slime flotation;microbial method has the advantages of less pollution and less energy consumption.The combination of microwave and ultrasonic can reduce the desulfurization cost and maximize the desulfurization rate.Therefore,the combination of microwave and ultrasonic is the most promising method.The flotation desulfurization effect of pH regulator,organic inhibitor and combined inhibitor is discussed.The price of pH regulator is low,and the organic inhibitor is effective in environmental protection.The combined inhibitor can have the advantages of both pH regulator and organic inhibitor,which is an important research direction of pyrite flotation inhibitor.