1757年盐池大水与河东盐务危机

Flood and Salt Crisis in Hedong Salt Pond in 1757

河东盐区是一个以盐为中心,人、日、水、风相互作用,并具有一定自我调适、自我更新能力的小型生态系统,建基于其上的则是以盐商、朝廷、地方官为主体的复杂社会网络。1757年的洪水灾害,将河东盐务运行中的诸多矛盾以极端的形式显现出来,引发了严重的经济社会危机。社会应对的失措、环境修复的无力、贸易结构的异动又导致这场盐务危机长期难以纾解,甚至出现蔓延态势。另外,灾变也促动了河东盐池生产技术的变化和盐课归丁改革的推进,河东盐务正是在自然与社会综合作用所带来的危机与转机中艰难发展的。

With salt as the center,and human,sun,water and wind interacting with each other,Hedong salt region is a small ecosystem that has the certain capacity of self-adjustment and self-renewal.Based on this ecosystem is a complex social network composed mainly of salt merchants,the court and local officials.The flood disaster in 1757 caused many contradictions in the operation of administration of salt industry in an extreme form,thus a serious economic and social crisis ensued.Due to the failure of social response,the inability of environmental restoration and the change of trade structure,the salt crisis was not alleviated for a long time and even spread.However,the disaster promoted the change of production technology of Hedong salt pond and the reform of salt tax.The Hedong salt industry developed amid crisis and opportunities brought about by the mixed influence of nature and society.