郑州地区晚商社会重组的考古学观察

Archaeological Observation of Social Restructuring during Late Shang in Modern-day Zhengzhou District

商代晚期,商王朝的政治中心转移至安阳,郑州地区的聚落形态发生了巨变。原有聚落数量和规模明显缩减的同时,还伴随新兴聚落的出现,表明这一时期原住人口大量外迁并存在少数外来人口的迁入。已发现的晚商聚落反映了不同以往的社会组织关系。聚落内部除了以血缘关系为纽带以外,还存在地域性的管理组织。本文认为人民公园和小胡村墓地内埋葬有晚商时期不同阶段的地域管理者,两者在商王朝贵族集团中均处于较低的等级。小胡村与安阳都邑均出有“舌”铭铜器,晚商王朝对于郑州地区的控制应当是“委派制”。在政治权力中心转移之后,郑州地区呈现出由区域中心控制基层聚落的“二级结构”模式。

During the late Shang period,the political center was shifted from Zhengzhou to Anyang.Both the archaeological culture and the settlement pattern in Zhengzhou changed accordingly.Settlements in Zhengzhou decreased significantly in terms of number and area.However,new settlements emerged,suggesting population influx and the process of social reorganization,with both blood ties and geopolitical groups.Renmingongyuan and Xiaohucun represented the successive local managers and both were in the low hierarchy.The same inscription She 舌 found on the late Shang bronze ritual vesscls at Zhengzhou and Anyang,suggests the political dynamics between the old and the new capitals.The reg ional managers were appointed by the political center at Anyang and the local sttements showed a two-level structure during the late Shang period.