三门峡义马上石河春秋墓地的颅骨特征

Morphological Characteristics of Spring&Autumn Period Skulls Unearthed from Shangshihe Cemetery in Yima,Sanmenxia

对上石河墓地两例春秋时期颅骨进行人种学分析,上石河组颅骨形态特征可以概括为:具有特圆颅型和高颅型和中颅型相结合的颅型,颌型为长狭下颌型,突颌型。与现代组的比较中,上石河组与现代亚洲蒙古人种南亚类型、东亚类型最为接近,与北亚类型和东北亚类型较为疏远。与相关古代组对比中,上石河组与仰韶合并组、马腾空组、庙底沟组、内阳垣组关系最近,其体质特征的形成可能受到地缘关系影响。

The result of ethnographic analysis of two skulls of Spring & Autumn Period unearthed from Shangshihe Cemetery indicates that,morphologically,both are super-brachycranial skulls with a hypsicranic skullcap,an orthocranic skullcap,prognathous jaws featuring long and narrow mandibles.Compared with modern human beings,the skeletal remnants unearthed at Shangshihe are closest to the South-Asian Type and East-Asian Type of the modern Asian-Mongoloid population,and comparatively distant from the North-Asian Type and Northeastern-Asian Type.Compared with samples of ancient humans,the skeletal remnants collected at Shangshihe are most similar to the amalgamated specimens of Yangshao Ruins and samples gathered at Matengkong Site,Miaodigou Site and Neiyangyuan Site.The geographical position might have an impact upon humans’ physique.