虚假民事诉讼检察监督的困境与出路

Research on the Dilemma and Outlet of Prosecutorial Supervision of False Civil Litigation

虚假民事诉讼作为一种诉讼异象,不仅侵犯了相关主体的权利,而且损害了司法权威,扰乱了正常的司法秩序,损害了司法公信力。检察机关作为法律监督机关,对虚假民事诉讼有着法定的监督义务。但是,当前虚假诉讼监督工作面临着一定的困境:检察监督范围较窄,案件线索发现难,案件调查取证受阻,监督效果难以保证。造成这些困境的原因在于《刑法》与《民事诉讼法》存在不同的立法考量,案件识别不易,调查核实权缺乏刚性,刑民程序衔接不畅。基于此,应当明确虚假诉讼实施方式和受理条件,拓宽案件线索发现渠道,加强对调查取证的保障,注重监督实效。

As an abnormal phenomenon of litigation,false civil action not only damages the legitimate rights and interests of citizens,but also undermines the judicial order and judicial authority,destroys the credibility of the judicial system.As a legal supervisory authority,the procuratorate has the statutory obligation to supervise false civil litigations.However,the current supervision of false litigations faces a certain dilemma.For example,the scope of procuratorial supervision is narrow,it is difficult to find clues in cases and obtain evidence for investigation,and the supervision effect is difficult to guarantee.By analyzing the causes of these difficulties,it can be found that the causes of these difficulties lie in the different legislative considerations between the criminal law and the civil law,the difficulty in case identification,the lack of rigidity in the right of investigation and verification,and the poor connection of criminal procedure.It can be found that it is necessary to clarify the implementation methods and acceptance conditions of false civil action,broaden the source of cases,improve the level of investigation and evidence collection,and pay attention to the practical effect of supervision.