能源发展指数的国际比较及政策建议

International Comparison and Policy Implications of Energy Development Index

能源是影响人类福祉和大多数经济活动的基本要素。从能源可获得性、能源经济性和能源清洁性3个维度选取13项指标,运用几何平均数法评价92个国家1990—2018年的能源发展水平。结果表明:①研究期内92个国家的能源发展指数(EDI)差距在逐步缩小。②研究期内能源发展向好趋势显著,但过程缓慢。能源发展得分高、中、低的国家在时空分布上明显不平衡,能源发展得分高的国家主要分布在北美、西欧和大洋洲,得分中等的国家主要分布在中东欧、亚洲和拉丁美洲的新兴工业化国家,得分低的国家主要分布在非洲、南亚和西亚。③研究期内92个国家能源发展指数的增速和位次变化差异明显。就增速变化来看,中等收入和部分低收入国家得分快速增长,高收入国家平稳增长;就位次变化来看,部分欧洲国家和新兴工业化国家位次快速提升,非洲和南亚国家大幅下降。④多数国家自身条件有限,无法推动能源转型,而适宜的转型路径可提高能源的可获得性、可负担性,通过能源的清洁化可提高环境的可持续性。

Energy was an essential element to human well-being and most economic activities.This paper selected 13 indicators from the three dimensions of energy availability,energy economy and energy cleanliness,and used the geometric mean method to evaluate the energy de-velopment of 92 countries from 1990 to 2018.The results showed that:①The differences of energy development index(EDI)between 92 coun-tries was narrowing.②Although the development process was slow,its trend was clear.The countries with high,medium and low energy devel-opment scores were obviously unbalanced in time and space.The high-EDI countries were mainly in North America,Western Europe and Oce-ania.The medium-EDI countries were the newly industrialized countries in Central and Eastern Europe,Asia and Latin America.The low-EDI countries were mainly in Africa and south Asia.③The growth rate and rank of energy development were uneven.In terms of growth rate,middle-income and some low-income countries saw rapid growth in scores,high-income countries were steadily increasing.In terms of ranking,some European countries and Asian emerging economies achieved rapid growth in the place,while African and South Asian countries fell sharply.④Most countries had limited conditions,and were unable to promote energy transformation.The appropriate transformation path was to improve the availability and affordability of energy,and the cleaning of energy could improve the environmental sustainability.