青海省不同水域地区网箱养殖虹鳟品质研究

Study on the quality of cage-cultured Oncorhynchus mikiss in different water areas of Qinghai Province

为探究青海省不同水域地区网箱养殖虹鳟的品质特性,分别从龙羊峡、拉西瓦和公伯峡三个水域地区养殖网箱中随机取平均质量约3.5 kg的三倍体虹鳟,采用色差计、质构仪、GCMS、高效液相等设备分析肉色、肉质、营养成分等指标,并对试验结果进行单因素方差分析和主成分分析。结果表明:(1)龙羊峡水域地区网箱养殖三倍体虹鳟鱼肉的弹性、咀嚼性、肌间隔宽度和脂肪含量显著高于其他两个处理组(P<0.05);(2)拉西瓦水域地区网箱养殖三倍体虹鳟鱼肉的失脂率、肥满度、硬度、弹性和咀嚼性最低(P<0.05),肉色指标中红色值、黄色值和色度值显著高于公伯峡水域地区网箱养殖三倍体虹鳟的数值(P<0.05);(3)公伯峡水域地区网箱养殖三倍体虹鳟鱼肉的蛋白和锌含量显著高于其他两个处理组(P<0.05);(4)对78个品质指标进行主成分分析后发现,三个水域地区网箱养殖三倍体虹鳟具有不同的品质轮廓。研究结果可为青海省不同水域地区网箱养殖三倍体虹鳟的可持续健康发展提供理论依据。

Oncorhynchus mikiss with an average weight of about 3.5 kg are randomly selected from the cages in Longyangxia,Laxiwa and Gongboxia in order to investigate the quality characteristics of cage-cultured Oncorhynchus mikiss in different water areas of Qinghai province.Chromatic meter,texture analyzer,GC-MS,high-performance liquid chromatography and other equipments are used to analyze meat color,meat quality,nutritional components,etc.The experimental results are analyzed by single-factor analysis of variance and principal component analysis.The results show that:(1)The springiness,chewiness,myosepta width and fat content of cage-cultured Oncorhynchus mikiss in Longyangxia are significantly higher than those in other two groups(P<0.05);(2)The fat loss rate,condition factor,hardness,springiness and chewiness of cage-cultured Oncorhynchus mikiss in Laxiwa are the lowest(P<0.05),while red value,yellow value and chromaticity value of meat color index are significantly higher than those in Gongboxia(P<0.05);(3)The content of protein and zinc in the meat of cage-cultured Oncorhynchus mikiss in Gongboxia is significantly higher than those in other two groups(P<0.05);(4)According to the principal component analysis of 78 quality indicators,cage-cultured Oncorhynchus mikiss in the three water areas has different quality characteristics.The results can provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable and healthy development of cage-cultured Oncorhynchus mikiss in different water areas of Qinghai province.