不同牦牛毛色转录组特征以及候选基因筛选

Transcriptome characteristics of coat colors and screening of candidate genes in yaks

为了解析不同牦牛毛色遗传的分子机制,选取环青海湖相同发育阶段的成年健康黑、白、棕色牦牛各3头为研究对象,采用Illumina Hi Seq TM2500测序平台对牦牛的皮肤组织进行转录组测序,所得序列经过数据质量控制、组装后与参考基因组进行比对,并对差异表达基因进行筛选和功能注释以及富集分析。结果显示:白色牦牛与黑色牦牛皮肤组织差异表达基因有426个,其中与毛色相关的基因有19个;白色牦牛与棕色牦牛皮肤组织差异表达基因有246个,其中与毛色相关的基因有16个,此两组差异表达基因在酪氨酸代谢通路上均有富集。黑色牦牛与棕色牦牛皮肤组织差异表达基因有4230个,其中与毛色相关的基因有138个。白色与棕色毛色的形成具有不同的调控机制,SOX10基因在棕色毛色形成中起到关键作用,酪氨酸代谢通路的抑制是白色毛色形成的关键因素。本研究从转录组水平对牦牛毛色差异表达基因进行分析,为进一步筛选牦牛毛色调控主效基因提供研究基础。

Three adult healthy black yaks,three white ones and three brown ones around Qinghai Lake at the same developmental stage are selected as the research objects in order to analyze the molecular mechanism of coat color inheritance of yaks.The skin tissues of yaks are sequenced by sequencing platform Illumina Hi Seq TM2500.The obtained sequences are compared with reference genome after data quality control and assembly.The differentially expressed genes are screened,annotated and enriched as well.The results show that there are 426 differentially expressed genes in the skin tissues of white and black yaks,among which 19 genes are related to coat color.There are246 differentially expressed genes in the skin tissues of white and brown yaks,among which 16 genes are related to coat color.The two groups of differentially expressed genes are enriched in tyrosine metabolic pathway.There are 4230 differentially expressed genes in the skin tissues of black and brown yaks,among which 138 genes are related to coat color.The formation of white and brown coat color share different mechanisms.SOX10 plays a key role in the formation of brown coat color,while the inhibition of tyrosine metabolism pathway is involved in the formation of white coat color.This study analyzes the differentially expressed genes of yak coat color at transcriptome level,which provides a basis for further screening the main genes regulating yak coat color.