从“苏松嘉湖”到“苏松常镇”——明代“江南”的地域分异探赜

Changing from“Sus Song Jia Hu”to“Su Song Chang Zhen”:A Probe into the Inner Regional Differentiation of Jiangnan during the Ming Dynasty

在目前明清江南史的研究视阈中,“江南”区域常被视为一个几无差异的整体,这在一定程度上掩盖了“江南”内部长期存在的地域分异现象。从明代官私文献记载来看,时人对于“江南”核心地域的认知,发生了由明前期“苏松嘉湖”到明中后期“苏松常镇”的变迁。这一变迁,既受到了现实行政区划的直接制约,又受到地域文化因素的深刻影响。在明代“江南七府”行政归属长期分裂的政治背景下,属南直隶的“苏松常镇”与属浙江的“杭嘉湖”在行政管理、文化认同层面逐渐拉开了距离,进而在明代中后期隐隐形成了两个相对独立的地域系统。这种地域分异过程,是明人“江南”观发生变化的重要原因。

In current studies of the history of Ming Qing Jiangnan(江南),this region is often regarded as a geographical unit with little difference that in certain degree conceals the inner regional differences of this region.According to the official and private documents,it’s clear that people’s perception of the core area of this region actually experienced a change from Su Song Jia Hu(苏松嘉湖)to Su Song Chang Zhen(苏松常镇)through the Ming period.Such a change was made possible by the governmental administrative policy and the culture within this region.The seven prefectures that had been regarded as the core of Jiangnan were divided into two provincial level divisions that led to the administrative and cultural differences between Su Song Chang Zhen of Southern Zhili(直隶)and Hang Jia Hu of Zhejiang province.As a result,two relatively independent geographical regions came into being in the middle and late Ming period.This process constitutes the main reason for the conceptual change of the Ming people concerning Jiangnan.