“不等价交换”抑或“市场调配”:近代凉山地区的贸易研究

“Non-equivalent Exchange”or“Market Allocation”:A study of trade in liangshan area in modern times

商业贸易的兴盛是经济繁荣的重要标志。凉山地区的贸易主要是以本地的初级产品换取外地的手工业品,即以牛羊皮、药材等农副土特产交换布匹、食盐、铁锅等生产生活用品。该商业贸易促进了凉山地区与外界的经济联系,一定程度上推动了该地由自然经济向商品经济的转变。贸易过程中出现的“不等价交换”现象是由市场的价格机制与供求机制影响所致。通过比较近代北平与凉山地区的土布和食盐比价可以发现,两地比价基本一致,由此说明了凉山地区商业贸易的市场性。市场为商品的流动创造了条件,使其在流动中趋向动态性有效配置。

The prosperity of commerce and trade is an important symbol of economic prosperity.The trade in Liangshan area is mainly based on the exchange of local primary products for handmade products from other places,that is,the exchange of cloth,salt,iron pot and other production and daily necessities for agricultural and sideline products such as cow skin and medicinal materials.Commercial trade promoted the economic connection between Liangshan area and the outside world,and promoted the transformation from natural economy to commodity economy to a certain extent.The phenomenon of“unequal exchange”in the process of trade is caused by the price mechanism and supply and demand mechanism of the market.By comparing the price of home sloths and salt in Peiping and Liangshan in modern times,it can be found that the price of the two places is basically the same,which shows the marketability of the commercial trade in Liangshan.The market creates conditions for the flow of goods,making them tend to be dynamically and effectively allocated in the flow.