住房公积金制度运行效率评价及其地区差异——来自68个大中城市的证据

Evaluation of the Operation Efficiency of the Housing Provident Fund System and Its Regional Differences:Evidence from 68 Large and Medium-sized Cities

为切实提高住房公积金运行效率,国家“十四五”规划提出“要改革完善住房公积金制度,健全缴存、使用、管理和运行机制”。研究使用全国68个大中城市的面板数据,通过建立DEA模型和Malmquist指数,对住房公积金运行效率进行实证分析。结果显示:从纯技术效率看,东部、中部地区住房公积金运营效率整体高于西部和东北地区,2017年后各地区间的差距逐渐缩小;从规模效率看,各地区住房公积金运营效率呈现规模报酬递增趋势,说明住房公积金“扩面”改革红利仍需进一步挖掘;Malmquist指数分解结果与上述结论吻合,表明研究结论的稳健性。因此,提升住房公积金管理技术水平、优化公积金管理体制、探索多元化运营渠道,对于提高住房公积金运行效率具有重要意义。

In order to effectively improve the operation efficiency of housing provident fund,the national"14th Five-Year Plan"proposes"to reform and improve the housing provident fund system and improve the deposit,use,management and operation mechanism".Using the panel data of 68 large and medium-sized cities in China,this paper makes an empirical analysis on the operation efficiency of housing provident fund by establishing DEA model and Malmquist index.The results show that:from the perspective of pure technical efficiency,the operation efficiency of housing provident funds in the eastern and central regions is generally higher than that in the western and northeastern regions,but the gap between regions has gradually narrowed since 2017;from the perspective of scale efficiency,the operation efficiency of housing provident fund in various regions shows an increasing trend of return to scale,indicating that the"expansion"reform dividend of housing provident fund still needs to be further explored.Malmquist index decomposition results are consistent with the above conclusions,indicating the robustness of the research conclusions.Therefore,improving the technical level of housing provident fund management,optimizing the housing provident fund management system,and exploring diversified operation channels are of great significance for improving the operation efficiency of housing provident fund.