后人类视域下《克拉拉与太阳》的身份建构解读

Interpretation of Identity Construction in Klara and the Sun from the PosthumanPerspective

石黑一雄的小说《克拉拉与太阳》展现了机器人融入人类生活、陪伴人类成长的后人类图景,其中机器人的身份问题是小说后人类书写的核心之一。一方面,机器人不断感知、体察和学习人类的情感,逐渐建构起一种“类人”的身份,与人类的界限变得模糊;另一方面,人类利用自身权力对机器人进行隐秘的规训,使其处于“非人”的境遇,机器人的身份追寻最终幻灭。在“类人”与“非人”的困境中,机器人克拉拉始终坚持自己的使命,因其利他化的选择而比人类更具尊严,从而真正获得了自身的主体地位。通过人与机器人的复杂隐喻关系,石黑一雄批判了人类中心主义的恶果,启发着读者在新的时代条件下进行伦理道德层面的反思。

Ishiguro’s novel Klara and the Sun shows the posthumanvision of robots integrating into human life and accompanying human growth,andthe robot’s identity problem is one of the core of theposthuman writing.On the one hand,robots constantly perceive,observe and learn human emotions,gradually construct a“human-like”identity,and the boundary between robots and humans becomes blurred;on the other hand,human beings use their power to discipline the robotsecretly,so that it is in a“inhuman”situation and the identity pursuit of the robot is finally disillusioned.In the dilemma of“human-like”and“inhuman”,the robot Klara always adheres to her mission.She is more dignified than human beings because of her altruistic choice,thus obtains hersubjectivity.Through the complex metaphorical relationship between human and robot,Ishiguro criticizes the evil consequences ofanthropocentrism and inspires readers to introspect on the ethical level in the new era.