我国职业教育产教融合政策研究--基于政策工具理论的文本量化分析

Research on the Policy of Integration of Vocational Education with Industry in China's Vocational Education--Text Quantitative Analysis Based on Policy Instrument Theory

产教融合是推进职业教育发展的必由之路。近年来,为促进产教深度融合、校企深度合作,国家出台了一系列职业教育产教融合政策。基于政策工具理论构建了“政策工具—政策目标—政策影响力”三维立体分析框架,对2014—2022年国家层面颁布的21份职业教育产教融合政策文本进行了内容分析。结果显示,政府在政策工具选择上更加青睐命令性工具、职能拓展性工具,权威重组性工具和激励性工具使用不足;在政策目标上更注重产教融合目标的实现,对协同育人目标和社会发展目标重视不足。未来职业教育产教融合政策的制定需基于政策目标合理分配政策工具,重塑权威重组性工具,强化法律规制类和监督评估类工具,调整职能拓展性工具内在结构并加强政府部门之间的协同决策能力,提高政策影响力。

The integration of vocational education with industry is necessary to promote vocational education development.In recent years,in order to promote the integration of vocational education with industry and the cooperation between enterprises and colleges,China has issued a series of policies on the integration of vocational education with industry in vocational education.Based on the policy instrument theory,this paper constructs a three-dimensional analysis framework of"policy instruments—policy targets—policy influence"and makes a content analysis of 21 vocational education integration policy texts promulgated at the national level from 2014 to 2022.The result shows that the government favors the command tool and the function expanding tool in the policy tool choice,but the authority reorganization tool and the incentive tool use insufficiently.Regarding policy objectives,they pay more attention to the realization of the goal of integration of vocational education with industry,and pay less attention to the goal of collaborative education and social development.In the future,the formulation of the policy of integration of vocational education with industry in vocational education should reasonably allocate policy tools based on policy objectives,reshape the tools of authority reorganization,strengthen the tools of legal regulation and supervision and evaluation,adjust the internal structure of functional expansion tools and strengthen the collaborative decision-making ability among government departments to improve policy influence.