世界食物供应中亚油酸含量高对人体健康的影响

High Linoleic Acid in the Food Supply Worldwide-What are the Consequences?

在过去的70年里,中国食物供应的常量营养素和膳食结构发生了巨大变化。脂肪(油)摄入增加了4.2倍以上,碳水化合物摄入下降了34%。植物油是摄入脂肪的主要来源,由于很多植物油富含亚油酸,所以亚油酸的消耗量也显著增长(增加了4倍)。亚油酸(LA)在人体皮肤中发挥着重要作用,并且是前列腺素及其相关化合物的前体物质。现在人们亚油酸的摄入量远远超过了最低需求。综述摄入富含亚油酸的食物对关节炎和头痛、非酒精性脂肪肝和神经功能的影响,重点是来自亚油酸和其他长链多不饱和脂肪酸的脂质介质。当前,世界饮食结构造成膳食亚油酸与n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的不平衡,以及源自这些多不饱和脂肪酸的脂质介质的不平衡,这极易导致人体亚健康状态。

The macronutrient composition of food supply in China has altered dramatically in the past 70 years.Fat(oil)has increased more than 4.2-times while the carbohydrate content has declined by 34%.Vegetable oils are the major component of the fat intake and since these oils are rich in linoleic acid,there has been a significant rise in the consumption of this fatty acid(as much as a 4-fold rise).Linoleic acid has essential functions in the body in skin and as a precursor of prostaglandins and related compounds.The current intakes of linoleic acid are well in excess of the minimum requirements.In this review,the effects of a food supply rich in linoleic acid on pain in arthritis and headache,non-alcoholic fatty liver and neural function are explored,with emphasis on lipid mediators derived from linoleic acid and other long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.The current world food systems have created an imbalance of dietary linoleic acid in relation to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids,and an imbalance in the lipid mediators derived from these polyunsaturated fatty acids which may be contributing to sub-optimal health status.