具有临床降血压功效的乳源三肽的研究进展

Recent Advances in the Research of Milk-Derived Tripeptides with Clinically Confirmed Antihypertensive Effects

高血压是人类健康的一大杀手,食品来源的血管紧张素转换酶抑制肽(angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides,ACEIPs)因为安全性高、无毒副作用等显著优势而成为合成血管紧张素转换酶(angiotensinconverting enzyme,ACE)抑制剂类降血压药物的潜在替代品。目前已有大量基于体外ACE抑制活性的降血压肽被分离鉴定,但是经过临床研究证实对人体具有明确体内降血压功效的仅有Ile-Pro-Pro(IPP)、Val-Pro-Pro(VPP)和Leu-Pro-Pro(LPP)等少数几种。由于上述3种三肽最初在酸牛奶中被发现,因此被合称为乳源三肽(以下简称乳三肽),目前国外已有多种基于乳三肽的降血压功能食品上市,其降血压功效已得到了充分验证,但国内尚未发现类似产品。本文就乳三肽的功效、安全性、制备方法和新来源等进行了综述,并对现有关于乳三肽的专利进行了总结,以期为推动我国基于乳三肽第三代降血压功能食品的开发提供参考。

Hypertension is a major threat to health and food-derived angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides(ACEIPs)have been recognized as potential alternatives to synthetic angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension due to their high safety and non-toxicity.A large number of antihypertensive peptides with in vitro ACE inhibitory activity have been isolated and identified,but only a few of them including Ile-Pro-Pro(IPP),Val-Pro-Pro(VPP),and Leu-Pro-Pro(LPP)have been confirmed to be clinically effective for humans.Originally isolated from fermented milk,the three peptides are collectively called lactotripeptides.Several antihypertensive functional foods based on lactotripeptides have been marketed in many overseas countries and their efficacy has been fully verified,but such products are yet not available in China.In this context,the functions,safety,production methods,and new sources of the lactotripeptides are reviewed and patents concerning them are summarized herein.This review is expected to provide valuable information for the development of third-generation antihypertensive functional foods in China.