合成生物技术在生物传感器中的应用现状与发展趋势

Current applications and developments of synthetic biotechnology in biosensors

合成生物学通过将标准化的生物元件整合到细胞中,对细胞重新编程以执行新的复杂功能。随着合成生物学各项技术的完善和生物元件的丰富,合成生物技术在生物传感器领域得到了广泛应用。异源合成的生物传感器具有响应快、体积小、成本低、可实现原位监测等优势,在环境控制、疾病监测和食品安全等方面已得到广泛应用。该文对基于合成生物技术的细胞生物传感器和无细胞生物传感器的基本原理及其在检测中的应用进行综述,为合成生物技术更好地应用于生物传感器研究提供参考。

Synthetic biology reprograms cells to perform new and complex functions by integrating standardized biological components into them.With the improvement of synthetic biology technology and the enrichment of biological components,synthetic biotechnology has been widely used in the field of biosensors.With the advantages of quick response,small size,low cost and in situ monitoring,the heterosynthetic biosensors have been widely used in the field of environmental control,disease monitoring and food safety.In this paper,the basic principles and applications in detection of cell-based and cell-free biosensors based on synthetic biotechnology are reviewed in order to provide reference for more fruitful studies of the applications of synthetic biotechnology in the field of biosensors.