东周历史叙事的多元竞合——以《上博七·郑子家丧》为例

The Multiple Competition and Cooperation of Historical Narration in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty——Taking The Death of Zheng Zijia as an example

上博简《郑子家丧》叙事者以楚国为中心,重组了历史时间和历史事件之间的因果解释逻辑,把一个史书上常见的楚庄王多次霸凌郑国的晋楚争霸叙事重新编织成为楚王代表上帝鬼神和道义,出兵惩罚弑君的乱臣贼子子家,以维护天下政治秩序和价值秩序的伟大义举。简文同《春秋》《左传》《史记》及诸子叙事一起,显示了春秋末至战国、汉初伦理与霸权、天下与邦国、道义与力量并存交织的多元历史叙事模式,以及历史叙事主体意识和叙事个性的不断增强。《郑子家丧》一类历史叙事文本的大量出土,为我们认识中国叙事文学的第一个高峰,摆脱单线进化论的文学史分期提供了可能。

The narrator of The death of Zheng Zijia in bamboo slips,centering on the state of Chu,reorganized the logic of causal explanation between historical time and historical events,and retold the story of Jin-Chu hegemony.In historical books,King Zhuangof Chu invaded and bullied the Stateof Zheng many times while in The death of Zheng Zijia,the king,representing the gods,ghosts and morals,sentrighteous troops to punish the rebellious officials and thieves who had killed the king of Zheng,in order to maintain the world’s political order and value order.Together with The Spring and Autumn Annals,Zuo Zhuan,Shi Ji and other scholars’narration,this narration in bamboo slips shows the multiple historical narrative modes of the coexistence and interlacing of ethics and hegemony,the world and the state,morality and power from the late Spring and Autumn period to the Warring States period and the early Han Dynasty,as well as the continuous enhancement of the subject consciousness and narrative personality of historical narration.The discovery of a large number of historical narrative texts such as The death of Zheng Zijia makes it possible for us to understand the first peak of Chinese narrative literature and get rid of the literary history periodization in the form of single-line evolution.