重庆市黔江区感染性腹泻的病原学及流行特征

Etiology and epidemiological characteristics of infectious diarrhea,Qianjiang,Chongqing

目的分析重庆市黔江区感染性腹泻患者的病原体及流行病学特征。方法采集2019年10月—2020年10月重庆市黔江中心医院收治的316例腹泻患者的新鲜粪便样本316份,通过分离培养鉴定致泻性大肠埃希菌、志贺菌、沙门菌等17种致病菌,用PCR法检测轮状病毒、诺如病毒、腺病毒、札如病毒、星状病毒核酸。结果316份样本的病原体检出率为56.33%;细菌检出率为18.04%,其中致泻性大肠埃希菌检出率最高,为4.11%;病毒检出率为38.92%,其中轮状病毒检出率最高,为10.13%;混合感染检出率为4.11%,单细菌检出率低于单病毒(P<0.05);细菌检出率在<5岁年龄段和秋冬季低于病毒(P<0.05),在≥60岁年龄段和春夏季比例高于病毒(P<0.05)。结论感染性腹泻患者以病毒感染为主,有明显的年龄和季节分布特征。

Objective To analyze the etiology,epidemiology characteristics of patients with infectious diarrhea in Qianjiang,Chongqing.Methods A total of 316 fresh stool samples from 316 patients with diarrhea admitted to Qianjiang Central Hospital of Chongqing from October 2019 to October 2020 were collected,17 species of pathogenic bacteria such as diarrheal Escherichia coli,Shigella,and Salmonella were isolated and identified by using culture method,nucleic acid of rotavirus,norovirus,adenovirus,azaru virus,and astrovirus were detected by PCR.Results The detection rate of pathogens in 316 samples was 56.33%,the detection rate of bacteria was 18.04%,among them,the detection rate of diarrheal Escherichia coli was the highest,which was 4.11%.The detection rate of virus was 38.92%,and the detection rate of rotavirus was the highest,which was 10.13%.The total mixed infection detection rate was 4.11%,and the detection rate of single bacteria was lower than that of single virus(P<0.05).The detection rate of bacteria was lower than that of viruses in the age group of<5-year old and in autumn and winter(P<0.05),the proportion was higher than that of the virus in the age group≥60-year old and spring and summer(P<0.05).Conclusion The infectious diarrhea patients were mainly viral infections,and the onset showed obvious age and seasonal distribution characteristics.