世界一流大学教师薪酬的规模、结构及其启示——基于37所美国大学的统计数据分析

Study of Salary and Benefits in World-Class Universities:Based on Data Analysis of 37 American Universities

17所美国世界一流公立大学和20所美国世界一流私立大学在2002—2018年间的薪酬(包括工资与福利)数据显示:首先,校均工资规模庞大且逐年递增,占校均支出比例较大,但呈下降趋势;师均工资高于美国人均GDP及全美四年制大学的平均水平;校均福利规模及其占校均支出比重均在上涨;校均工资和福利占校均支出比重之和保持相对稳定。其次,工资结构多元、组成多样,教学与研究工资为核心部分,两者之和占总工资的55%左右;福利结构呈相同特征。最后,工资和福利各自的规模与结构在公立大学和私立大学间存在一定的差异。研究结果为加快我国世界一流大学建设进程提供了重要参考与启示,比如可进一步优化经费支出结构,提高教师薪酬规模;优化教师工资与福利结构,增加教学工资,增列研究工资;构建多样化的福利体系等。

The salary(including salary and benefits) data of 17 world-class public universities in the United States and 20 world-class private universities in the United States from 2002 to 2018 shows that the average salary of the school is huge and increasing year by year, accounting for a large proportion of the average school expenditure, but It is on a downward trend;the average salary of teachers is higher than the GDP per capita and the average level of four-year universities in the United States;the scale of school welfare and its proportion in the average expenditure of the school are both rising;the sum of the proportion of the average salary and welfare in the school expenditure remains relatively stability. The salary structure and composition of world-class universities are diverse, with teaching and research salary as the core part, and the sum of the two accounts for about 55% of the total salary;the welfare structure has the same characteristics. In addition, the respective scale and structure of wages and benefits differs between public and private universities. The empirical research results provide important reference and inspiration for speeding up the construction of world-class universities in my country, such as further optimizing the expenditure structure and increasing the scale of teachers’ compensation;optimizing the structure of teachers’ wages and benefits, increasing teaching wages, and adding research wages;welfare system, etc.