甲氰菊酯对意大利蜜蜂生存、生理和肠道菌群的影响

Effects of fenpropathrin on the survival,physiology and gut microbiota of the honeybee(Apis mellifera ligustica)

【目的】杀虫剂甲氰菊酯广泛应用于农业生产中,但有关该杀虫剂对蜜蜂健康影响的研究较少。本研究旨在探究甲氰菊酯对意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera ligustica生存、取食、免疫和解毒相关基因表达以及肠道菌群的影响。【方法】利用亚致死浓度的甲氰菊酯饲喂意大利蜜蜂7 d后,统计各组意大利蜜蜂的生存率和取食量;采用荧光定量PCR技术检测蜜蜂解毒和免疫相关基因表达的变化;利用16S rDNA测序技术检测蜜蜂肠道菌群组成结构的变化。【结果】甲氰菊酯能显著降低蜜蜂的生存率和糖水取食量(P<0.05);甲氰菊酯显著抑制了蜜蜂Hymenoptaecin、Apidaecin和Cyp9q1的表达(P<0.05),5 mg/L剂量的甲氰菊酯显著诱导了Defensin的上调表达(P<0.05)。与对照相比,5 mg/L和1 mg/L剂量的甲氰菊酯对Abaecin表达的影响虽无显著性差异,但是5 mg/L处理组Abaecin的表达水平显著高于1 mg/L处理组的(P<0.05);甲氰菊酯对意大利蜜蜂肠道菌群的Alpha多样性和Beta多样性无显著影响,但对特定肠道菌的丰度造成了影响。【结论】甲氰菊酯的曝露可能对意大利蜜蜂的免疫、解毒系统以及肠道菌群的组成产生了一定的影响。

[Objectives]The honeybee(Apis mellifera ligustica)is an important pollinating insect which is inevitably exposed to various pesticides when pollinating crops.Fenpropathrin,a member of the pyrethroid family of insecticides,is widely used for pest control,however the effects of this insecticide on honeybee health have rarely been studied.We investigated the effects of sublethal doses of fenpropathrin on the survival,food consumption,expression of immune and detoxification related genes and the gut microbiota,of honeybees.[Methods]The effects of sublethal doses of fenpropathrin on honeybee food(sugar solution)consumption and survival was assessed using the“oral-feeding tube”method.(2)Changes in the expression of detoxification and immune related genes,and in the gut microbiota,were measured 7 d after bees had been fed sublethal doses of fenpropathrin(1 mg/L and 5 mg/L).[Results]Consumption of fenpropathrin significantly reduced the survival and food consumption of honeybees.Exposure to sublethal doses of fenpropathrin significantly inhibited Hymenoptaecin,Apidaecin and Cyp9q1 expression in honeybees,but up-regulated the expression of Defensin.The expression of Abaecin in the 5 mg/L treatment group was significantly higher than in the 1 mg/L treatment group.The effect of fenpropathrin on overall gut microbiota diversity was not significant,but it affected the gut microbiota distribution.[Conclusion]Fenpropathrin can potentially affect the detoxification mechanism,immune system and gut microbiota,of honeybees.These results provide a basis for further exploring the complex molecular interactions between fenpropathrin and honeybees.