田块尺度设施菜田土壤健康评价方法的初步构建与应用

Preliminary Construction and Application of Soil Health Assessment Method of Facility Vegetable Fields on the Field Scale

结合京郊设施菜田土壤健康管理需要、国内外土壤健康评价方法和北京地区1350个设施菜田土壤分析结果,初步构建了田块尺度设施菜田土壤健康评价系统。确定了物理、生物、化学和产出4类共21个评价指标,提出了各指标的阈值范围、评分标准、权重和评价模块。运用该系统在北京房山区开展设施菜田土壤健康评价,选取5个种植园,每个种植园设置1个试验点。5个试验点中1个试验点为亚健康等级、4个试验点为健康等级。针对亚健康等级试验点,开展了连续2年土壤改良与修复,试验点土壤健康指数由0.77提高到0.83,土壤健康等级提升为健康,土壤容重降低,有机质含量提高,土壤肥力水平提升,pH下降,蔬菜产量稳定,品质指数提高。针对健康等级试验点,开展了连续2年土壤管理,试验点土壤健康指数由0.86提高到0.87,土壤肥力水平稳定,病原菌指数下降,蔬菜产量提高,商品率提升。该评价系统对维持或提高设施菜田土壤健康水平具有较强的指导意义,建议进一步开展更广泛的设施菜田土壤健康评价和土壤修复管理。

Based on the needs of the soil health management of the facility vegetable fields in Beijing suburbs,the soil health assessment methods at home and abroad,and the analysis results of the 1350 facility vegetable fields’soil samples in Beijing,a field-scale facility vegetable field soil health assessment system was initially constructed.A total of 21 assessment indicators in four categories of physics,biology,chemistry and output were determined,and the threshold range,scoring standards,weights and assessment modules of each indicator were proposed.The system was used to evaluate the health of the facility vegetable fields’soil in Fangshan District of Beijing.Five plantations were selected,and one experimental site was set up in each plantation.The evaluation results showed that:one of the five experimental sites belonged to sub-health grade,and the other four experimental sites belonged to health grade.Soil improvement and remediation were carried out for two consecutive years in the sub-health grade experimental site.The results showed that the soil health index increased from 0.77 to 0.83,and the soil health grade was raised to health level.In detail,the soil bulk density was reduced,the content of organic matter increased,the level of soil fertility increased,pH decreased,the yield of vegetables was stable,and the quality index increased.Soil management was carried out for two consecutive years in the health grade experimental site.The results showed that the soil health index increased from 0.86 to 0.87,the soil fertility level was stable,the pathogen index decreased,and the vegetable yield and the commodity rate increased.Therefore,the assessment system could perform a good guiding role in maintaining or improving the soil health level of facility vegetable fields,and it is suggested to carry out more extensive soil health assessment and soil remediation management of facility vegetable fields.