教育史上的演讲——以费希特《对德意志民族的演讲》的考察为例

Lectures in the History of Education——A Case Study of Fichte’s A Speech to the German Nation

作为一种重要的、原初的教育表演形态,演讲常被以宏大叙事为主流的教育史研究范式所掩盖,进而遮蔽了其间所蕴藏的丰富的教育意蕴。事实上,教育演讲构成了最为素朴的教育智慧表达——教育史中的“声音”。其直观的、活的教育表达构成了人类教育史上一道亮丽的教育风景。由此,进行教育演讲研究就成为自然之事,希翼由此获得对教育问题更为真切的理解,开拓教育史研究新的疆域。作为教育史上著名的教育演讲,费希特的《对德意志民族的演讲》正是表达了教育演讲之于社会发展的情感意义,彰显了教育的政治、文化、民族振兴诸种功能,它是开启教育史教育演讲研究的锁钥。

As an important and original form of educational performance,speech is often in grand narrative overshadowed by the education research paradigm for the mainstream,then covers the meantime rich education significance.In fact,educational speeches constitute the simplest expression of educational wisdom—the“voice”in the history of education.Its intuitive and vivid educational expression constitutes a beautiful educational landscape in the history of human education.Therefore,it is natural to study educational speech,and hope to gain a sincerer understanding of educational issues and expand the new frontiers of educational history research.As a famous education speech on educational history,Fichte’s A Speech to the German Nation is expressed in the speech to the emotional significance of the social development,reveals the education of politics,culture and national revitalization of the various kinds of functions,and it is the key to open education speech of education.