X射线与岛津的科学仪器创新(1896—1945)

X-Ray and Instrument Innovations of the Shimadzu Corporation from 1896 to 1945

日本岛津制作所是国际顶尖仪器制造商,由佛具工匠岛津源藏于1875年在日本京都创立。本文根据岛津内部出版物和其他相关文献,梳理和分析了1896—1945年间该公司以X射线发现为契机的科学仪器创新历程。从三个方面——基于产学合作的X射线教学仪器创新、基于军民合作的X射线诊疗仪器创新、基于同业合作的核心技术突破,探讨了岛津敏锐把握基础研究所揭示出来的全新技术机会、快速实现科学仪器创新并成功升级为一流科学仪器制造商的基本经验,以便为谋求实现高精尖科学仪器自主创新的后发国家提供借鉴。

Founded by craftsman Genzo Shimadzu in 1875,the Shimadzu Corporation is one of the best scientific instrument manufacturers in the world.Based on Shimazu publications and other relevant literature,this paper analyses the history of the company's scientific instrument innovations from 1896 to 1945 stemming from the discovery of X-rays.Three aspects of such a history,which is(1)innovations of X-ray instruments for teaching based on industry-academic cooperation,(2)innovations of X-ray instruments for diagnosis and treatment based on civil-military cooperation,and(3)breakthroughs in the core technology based on industrial cooperation,are discussed in detail.These reveal the Shimadzu Corporation's experiences in its grasp of brand-new technology opportunities originating from the discovery of X-rays,in its rapid realization of X-ray instruments innovation and in its successful upgrade to a world-class scientific instrument manufacturer.It is worth learning for latecomers in developing countries to pursue high level innovation in scientific instruments.