鱼腥草地上部分和根部提取物抑制尖吻蝮蛇毒的比较

Comparation of the inhibitory effects of extracts from aerial part and root of Houttuynia cordata Thunb on Deinagkistrodon acutus venom

研究鱼腥草Houttuynia cordata Thunb地上部分提取物和根部提取物对尖吻蝮Deinagkistrodon acutus蛇毒抑制作用。采用体外实验检测两种提取物对尖吻蝮蛇毒中主要酶类(蛋白水解酶、磷脂酶A2(PLA 2)、透明质酸酶等)的抑制作用;采用体内实验检测其对尖吻蝮蛇毒诱导体内毒性(出血、水肿、组织坏死和致死毒性)的抑制作用。鱼腥草地上部分提取物对尖吻蝮蛇毒蛋白水解酶、磷脂酶A2和透明质酸酶活性具有显著的抑制作用,同时能有效抑制促凝活性和纤维蛋白原水解活性;在体内,能够使尖吻蝮蛇毒引起的出血、水肿、组织坏死和致死毒性明显减弱。相比之下,鱼腥草根部提取物也表现出类似的抑制模式,但在相同浓度下其抑制效果均低于地上部分提取物。植物化学成分分析表明,两种提取物中均含有生物碱、蒽醌类物质和蛋白质;地上部分提取物中含有黄酮、多酚、单宁、三萜、甾醇和皂苷类物质,而根部提取物中缺少这些物质。实验结果首次验证了鱼腥草地上部分及根部对尖吻蝮蛇毒的抑制作用,并证实地上部分比根部在抑制毒液的主要酶类和体内毒性方面更为有效,表明鱼腥草地上部分可以作为一种潜在资源用于开发治疗毒蛇咬伤的解毒剂。

The study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of extracts from aerial part and root of Houttuynia cordata Thunb on Deinagkistrodon acutus venom.Inhibitory effects of the extracts on pro‐teolytic,phospholipase A_(2)(PLA_(2)),hyaluronidase,procoagulant and fibrinogenolytic activities of D.acutus venom were performed in vitro,and neutralization of hemorrhagic,edematogenic,myotoxic and lethal activities induced by the venom were evaluated in vivo.In vitro,the aerial part extract significantly inhibited the enzymatic activities of proteases,PLA_(2) and hyaluronidases ofD.acutus venom and effectively neutralized the procoagulant and fibrinogenolytic activities produced by the venom.In vivo,the extract obviously reduced hemorrhage,edema,myotoxicity and lethality induced by the venom.The root extract exhibited similar inhibitory patterns but showed a lower effect than that of the aerial part extract at the same concentration.The results of phytochemical analysis showed that alka‐loids,anthraquinones and proteins were detected in these two extracts,whereas flavonoids,polyphe‐nols,tannins,triterpenes,sterols and saponins were only present in the aerial part extract and absent in the root extract.Our data for the first time validated the inhibitory effects of H.cordata extracts on D.acutus venom,and confirmed that the aerial part extract was much more effective than the root extract in suppression of the main enzymatic and biological activities of the venom,suggesting it could be used as a potential source for developing antidote against snakebites.