基于微信平台的健康教育干预对居家失能老人及其照护者生活质量的影响

Impact of WeChat-platform-based health education intervention on quality of life of the disabled elderly at home and their caregivers

目的分析社区居家失能老人照护现状,借助微信平台针对失能老人照护者开展健康教育干预并评价干预效果,探讨其对失能老人生活质量的影响。方法2020年3月选取大同市6个社区卫生服务机构所在辖区内的60岁及以上的失能老人进行一般资料问卷和日常生活能力量表调查,了解失能老人现状;并在2020年3—9月进行为期6个月的微信健康教育干预;在干预前后采用纽芬兰幸福度量表(MUNSH)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)对失能老人及其照护者进行调查对比分析。结果调查发现,社区失能老人以家庭照护为主(63.6%)。干预后,轻、中、重度失能老人的主观幸福感评分均得到提升(t=3.04、4.58、8.018,P<0.05);轻、中、重度失能老人的抑郁评分得以降低(t=5.99、7.88、4.76,P<0.05);失能老人照护者配偶、子女、保姆的主观幸福感评分明显升高(t=3.87、3.16、3.63,P<0.05)。结论微信健康教育支持是对失能老人照护者进行培训的有效途径,在提升失能老人及其照护者主观幸福感的同时,能够缓解失能老人的抑郁情绪。

Objective To analyze the status quo of nursing care for the disabled elderly in community,to carry out health education intervention for their caregivers on WeChat platform,to evaluate the intervention effect and to explore its impact on the quality of life of the disabled elderly.Methods In March 2020,we selected the disabled elderly aged 60 and above in the jurisdictions of 6 community health service institutions in Datong City to conduct general information questionnaires and daily living ability scale surveys to find out the current situation of disabled elderly people.A six-month health education intervention was carried out on WeChat platform from March 2020 to September 2020.The Newfoundland Happiness Scale(MUNSH)and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)were used to conduct self-control investigations on the disabled elderly and their caregivers before and after the WeChat health education intervention.Results The results showed that the disabled elderly in the community were mainly cared by family,accounting for 63.6%.After the intervention,the subjective well-being scores of the elderly with mild,moderate,and severe disabilities all increased(t=3.04,4.58,8.018,respectively;P<0.05),and their depression scores all decreased(t=5.99,7.88,4.76,respectively;P<0.05).After the intervention,the subjective well-being scores of the caregivers,the spouse,children,and nurse of the elderly,increased significantly(t=3.87,3.16,3.63,respectively;P<0.05).Conclusions Health education support on WeChat platform is an effective way to train the caregivers of the disabled elderly,which can improve the subjective well-being of the disabled elderly and their caregivers,and meanwhile alleviate the depression of the elderly.