一战期间德国对境内英国国民的拘禁——以鲁勒本拘留营为例

On the Detention of British Nationals in Germany during WWI——Taking Ruhleben Internment Camp as an Example

一战期间,德国政府对境内约4000名17~55岁英国男性国民实施拘禁,并将之集中安置在鲁勒本拘留营。这既是对英国先发制人拘禁德国国民的回应,也是增加战时谈判筹码的手段。被拘禁者在鲁勒本营地形成一个半自治性质的拘留营社区,并开展了丰富多彩的文化娱乐活动。但德国政府对英国国民的拘禁并未达到预期效果,德国反而因英德双方拘禁人数的不对等、广泛开展的宣传战以及外界对鲁勒本拘留营的争议而陷入困境。

During WWI,German government detained about 4000 British male nationals aged 17-55 in its territory,and placed them in Ruhleben internment camp,which is not only a response to the British preemptive detention of German nationals,but also a means to increase bargaining chips during wartime negotiations.The British internees spent four years in the camp,forming a half-autonomous detention camp community and developing a variety of cultural and recreational activities.However,the German government’s detention of British nationals did not achieve the expected results.On the contrary,it fell into trouble due to the inequality in the number of detainees between Britain and Germany,the extensive war of propaganda and the dispute over Ruhleben internment camp.