试论破产免责的正当性与具体设计

On the Legitimacy and Design of Bankruptcy Exemption

构建个人破产,免责问题无法回避。破产免责的正当性来源于对债务人合作等多重理论的理性探讨与有机融合,来源于对中国现实国情与传统文化的全面考量。许可免责的立法模式是防范债务人非诚信行为的必然选择,债务人亦需要积极作为以满足免责的适用条件。破产免责的制度核心在于对不予免除的债务类型与不予免责的法定行为加以明晰。免责考察期的确定与债务人偿还比例“负相关”,并最终根据其实际表现决定免责的适用与撤销。

The legitimacy of bankruptcy exemption comes from the rational discussion and organic integration of multiple theories such as debtor cooperation and the comprehensive consideration of China’s actual national conditions and traditional culture.The legislative mode of exemption is the inevitable choice to prevent the debtor’s dishonest behavior,and the debtor also needs to act actively to meet the applicable conditions of exemption.The essence of the system of bankruptcy exemption lies in the definition of the type of debt and the legal act which cannot be exempted.The determination of exemption examination period is negatively related to the debtor’s repayment ratio,and the application and cancellation of exemption are determined by the debtor’s actual performance.