外泌体治疗视网膜缺血再灌注损伤的研究进展

Research progress of exosomes in the treatment of retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury

外泌体是细胞主动分泌的一种纳米囊泡,其选择性包裹蛋白质、RNA、细胞因子等生物活性分子,在细胞间通讯、免疫调节、维持内环境稳态中发挥重要作用,还可以作为靶向递送药物的载体。视网膜缺血再灌注损伤(RIRI)是一种严重威胁人类视力健康的视网膜病变。目前临床上治疗此类疾病多为对症治疗,部分患者疗效欠佳甚至失明。外泌体作为一种富含功能性蛋白和RNA的细胞外囊泡,其不仅可作为药物治疗RIRI;同时,也可以作为载体进行药物递送,发挥协同治疗作用。随着对外泌体分子结构、内容物成分及生物功能研究的不断深入,以及眼科生物和基因工程技术的不断发展,外泌体未来有望发挥其作为治疗性药物及载体的巨大潜力,成为治疗RIRI的重要手段。

Exosomes are nanovesicles actively secreted by cells,which selectively encapsulate biologically active molecules such as proteins,RNA,and cytokines.They play an important role in intercellular communication,immune regulation,and maintenance of homeostasis,which can also be used as carriers for targeted drug delivery.Retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury(RIRI)is a retinopathy that seriously threatens human vision.At present,the clinical treatment of these diseases are symptomatic treatments,and some patients have poor efficacy or even blindness.As extracellular vesicles rich in functional proteins and RNAs,exosomes can not only be used as drugs for the treatment of RIRI,but also be used as carriers for drug delivery to play synergistic therapeutic effects.In the future,with the deepening of the research on the molecular structure,contents and biological functions of exosomes,as well as the continuous development of ophthalmic biology and genetic engineering technology,exosomes are expected to exert their great potential as therapeutic drugs and carriers,and become an important means of treating RIRI.