基于水足迹的漯河市农业水资源空间特征分析

Spatial characteristics of agricultural water resources based on water footprint in Luohe city

以河南省漯河市为研究区域,从农业生产水足迹角度出发,借助CROPWAT软件计算主要作物小麦、玉米生长期的绿水、蓝水足迹,并基于氮肥、磷肥施用量计算作物灰水足迹,全面评价农业生产水足迹,分析漯河市农业水足迹组成及其空间分布特征。结果表明,漯河市作物生长绿水和蓝水足迹最大的区域均为源汇区,灰水足迹最大的区域为临颍县;农业绿水足迹占总水足迹比重在空间上呈现出从南到北比重逐渐降低的特征,各县(区)农业蓝水足迹占总水足迹的比重约为30%,临颍县灰水足迹占比远高于其他县(区),需重点关注化肥的合理施用;漯河市农业水足迹较高,可通过完善水资源消耗核算体系、加快技术革新以降低农产品生产耗水、调整水资源消耗结构、合理施用化肥农药等措施降低农业耗水。

Taking Luohe city,Henan province as the research area,from the perspective of agricultural production water footprint,the CROPWAT software was used to calculate the green water and blue water footprints of the main crops wheat and corn during the growth period. The grey water footprint of crops based on the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer was calculated,the water footprint of agricultural production was comprehensively evaluated,and the composition of the agricultural water footprint and its spatial distribution characteristics in Luohe city were analyzed. The results showed that the areas with the largest green water and blue water footprints for crop growth in Luohe city were the Yuanhui areas,and the area with the largest grey water footprint was Linying county;the proportion of agricultural green water footprint in the total water footprint showed a characteristic of gradually decreasing from south to north in space. The proportion of agricultural blue water footprint in each county(district)to the total water footprint was about 30%. The proportion of grey water footprint in Linying county was much higher than that of other counties(districts),so we need to focus on the amount of fertilizer application;the agricultural water footprint of Luohe city was relatively high. Measures such as improving the water resource consumption accounting system,accelerating technological innovation to reduce the water consumption of agricultural production,adjusting the water consumption structure,and rational application of fertilizers and pesticides can be used to reduce agricultural water consumption.