人工智能应用于眼科的积极作用及其伦理问题

Positive role and ethical problems of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology

人工智能被描述为“第四次工业革命”,借助互联网和大数据发展的推动,眼科成为走在这一浪潮的前沿学科,展现出一片蓬勃发展的良好前景。人工智能现已应用于多种眼部疾病的辅助筛查、诊断及治疗,辅助完成角膜、屈光、白内障等相关手术;帮助实现分级诊疗、远程医疗和改良眼科人才培养模式,并参与眼健康管理及眼科教育。人工智能为人类带来福祉的同时也带来了若干伦理问题,其中与医学伦理相关的诊治失误责任划分、患者信息隐私保护、人文关怀及其公平性、日益发展的人工智能与不完善的伦理及法律等矛盾尤为突出。人工智能必须在正确的价值导向下,遵守相应的伦理规范,才能在临床实践不断成熟和完善。本文综述了人工智能背景下眼科发展现状及面临的伦理困境,旨在为促进其在眼科领域的健康发展提供参考。

Artificial intelligence is described as the“fourth industrial revolution”.Driven by the development of the Internet and big data,ophthalmology has become a frontier discipline in this wave,showing a good prospect of vigorous development.Artificial intelligence has been applied to the auxiliary screening,diagnosis and treatment of a variety of eye diseases,and assisted in the completion of corneal,refractive,cataract and other related operations;Help realize graded diagnosis and treatment,telemedicine and improve the training mode of ophthalmic talents,and participate in eye health management and ophthalmic education.While artificial intelligence brings benefits to mankind,it also brings a number of ethical problems,among which the contradictions related to medical ethics,such as the division of responsibility for diagnosis and treatment errors,the protection of patient information privacy,humanistic care and its fairness,the contradiction between the growing artificial intelligence and imperfect ethics and laws are particularly prominent.Artificial intelligence must be guided by the correct value and abide by the corresponding ethical norms to continue to mature and improve in clinical practice.This paper summarizes the development status and ethical dilemma of ophthalmology under the background of artificial intelligence to provide reference for promoting its healthy development in the field of ophthalmology.