不同水平供钙量对木本观赏植物生长发育的影响

Effects of Calcium Supply with Varying Levels on the Growth and Development of Woody Ornamental Plants

为了探讨城市园林绿化实际栽培和应用过程中通过调整钙肥施用量控制木本观赏植物营养生长和生殖生长的可能性。本研究以木本观赏植物‘桐棉’为研究对象,在Hoagland营养液配方的基础上设置7个不同水平钙浓度处理,调查‘桐棉’植株外部形态生长指标和各器官的生长量数据。结果表明:100%钙浓度条件下‘桐棉’植株的株高、根长和茎粗达到最大值,分别为:(126.67±4.81)cm,(105.00±4.04)cm和(24.07±0.84)mm;1%钙浓度条件下‘桐棉’植株的株高、根长和茎粗均是7个不同水平钙浓度处理中的最小值,分别为:(10.67±1.20)cm,(19.33±2.96)cm和(2.20±0.12)mm。100%钙浓度条件下‘桐棉’植株的总生物量、叶干重、茎干重、根干重等指标均达到最大值,分别为:(348.02±12.01)g,(119.85±5.68)g,(157.29±6.39)g和(50.89±0.94)g;1%钙浓度条件下‘桐棉’植株的总生物量、叶干重、茎干重、根干重等指标均是7个不同水平钙浓度处理中的最小值,分别为:(10.24±0.81)g,(3.92±0.39)g,(3.05±0.39)g和(3.28±0.13)g。钙浓度为100%和150%的2个试验处理中,‘桐棉’植株在65天左右出现花蕾;钙浓度为1%、10%和300%的3个试验处理中‘桐棉’植株均未出现花蕾。本研究充分证明Hoagland营养液配方中的钙矿质营养元素浓度比较适合木本观赏植物‘桐棉’的生长发育,钙浓度过低或过高都不利于‘桐棉’植株的前期营养器官生长和后期向生殖生长阶段的转化。

To explore the possibility of controlling the vegetative and reproductive growth of woody ornamental plants by adjusting the amount of calcium fertilizer application in urban landscaping,this study took the woody ornamental plant‘Portia tree’as the research object,and set seven different levels of calcium concentrations on the basis of Hoagland nutrient solution to investigate the external morphological growth indexes of‘Portia tree’individuals and the growth data of various organs.The results showed that under the condition of 100%calcium concentration,the plant height,root length and stem diameter of‘Portia tree’individuals reached the maximum,which were(126.67±4.81)cm,(105.00±4.04)cm and(24.07±0.84)mm,respectively:and under the condition of 1%calcium concentration,the plant height,root length and stem diameter were the minimum of the 7 calcium concentrations,which were(10.67±1.20)cm,(19.33±2.96)cm and(2.20±0.12)mm,respectively.Under the condition of 100%calcium concentration,the total biomass,leaf dry weight,stem dry weight and root dry weight of‘Portia tree’individuals reached the maximum,which were(348.02±12.01)g,(119.85±5.68)g,(157.29±6.39)g and(50.89±0.94)g,respectively:and under the condition of 1%calcium concentration,the total biomass,leaf dry weight,stem dry weight and root dry weight were the minimum of the 7 calcium concentrations,which were(10.24±0.81)g,(3.92±0.39)g,(3.05±0.39)g and(3.28±0.13)g,respectively.Under the two calcium concentrations of 100%and 150%,the flower buds of‘Portia tree’individuals appeared about65 days after the treatment:while,no flower buds appeared under the three calcium concentrations of 1%,10%and 300%.This study demonstrates that the concentration of calcium nutrient in Hoagland nutrient solution is more suitable for the growth and development of woody ornamental plant‘Portia tree’,but extremely low or high calcium concentration are not conducive to the growth of vegetative organs in the early stage and the transformation to reproductive growth stage in the later stage.