海南省水果型椰子园土壤养分调查与评价

Investigation and Evaluation of Soil Nutrients in Fruit Coconut Orchards in Hainan Province

通过调查海南省主要椰子园土壤养分状况,并评价土壤肥力,为掌握海南省椰子种植区土壤养分状况以及合理、科学施肥管理提供依据。采集海南省北部(海口)、东部(文昌),南部(三亚、陵水)、中部(琼中、屯昌)、西部(昌江)等市县的椰子种植园表层(20 cm)土壤样品,测定土壤养分,并进行相关和差异显著性分析。研究结果显示:大部分调查样点土壤偏酸性;椰子土壤的有机质、氮磷钾、钙镁等养分含量较高的为海南省中北部,但滨海地区有机质、氮磷钾含量较低,尤其是文昌地区的;调查样点土壤不缺乏铜、锌、铁3种微量元素;然而,所有调查海南省样点土壤均存在缺硼现象。通过合理和科学施肥和栽培措施,提高滨海地区如三亚、陵水、文昌市等地土壤肥力水平和保肥能力,以满足该地区的椰子生长和发育的需要;另外,应重视施用硼肥,以改善海南省椰子园缺硼现状。

By investigating the soil nutrient status of main coconut orchards in Hainan Province and evaluating the soil fertility,the study aims to provide a basis for understanding the soil nutrient status of the coconut planting areas and the fertilization management in the province.Collecting the surface soil(20 cm)of coconut plantations in the northern(Haikou),eastern(Wenchang),southern(Sanya,Lingshui),central(Qiongzhong,Tunchang)and western(Changjiang)of Hainan,we determined soil nutrients and performed correlation and difference significance analysis.The results show that the pH of most survey sites is acidic:the coconut soil has high organic matter,NPK,calcium and magnesium content in central and northern Hainan,but low organic matter and NPK content in the coastal areas,especially in Wenchang.The three trace elements of copper,zinc and iron are not deficient in the survey samples:however,all the soil samples are deficient in B content.Through suitable fertilization and cultivation measures,the soil fertility level and fertility retention capacity of coastal areas in Hainan,such as Sanya,Lingshui,Wenchang and other places,could be improved to meet the needs of coconut growth and development:in addition,the application of B fertilizer should be enhanced in coconut orchards in Hainan Province.