乙型肝炎疫苗加强免疫的影响因素分析

Influencing factors of hepatitis B booster vaccination

目的了解人群接受乙型肝炎疫苗加强免疫情况及其影响因素,为乙型肝炎疫苗加强免疫相关工作的开展提供参考。方法以正定县乙型肝炎疫苗免疫效果观察监测点和定兴县为研究现场,1986—2011年出生且完成乙型肝炎疫苗全程基础免疫的人群为研究对象开展问卷调查,分析人群接受乙型肝炎疫苗加强免疫情况,采用Logistic回归分析法分析其影响因素。结果最终纳入研究对象3447人,加强免疫发生率32.93%(1135人)。多因素分析结果显示,年龄在18~27岁、28~34岁以及本人文化程度为高中(中专)的人群加强免疫发生率高[OR(95%CI)=1.485(1.173~1.879)、1.855(1.362~2.525)、1.500(1.234~1.825)];有婚史、居住地为城市、主动进行乙型肝炎方面检查的人群加强免疫发生率高[OR(95%CI)=1.636(1.277~2.097)、1.390(1.077~1.794)、1.201(1.000~1.443)];未与乙型肝炎患者长期一起生活的人加强免疫发生率低[OR(95%CI)=0.255(0.099~0.657)];不知道长期一起生活的人是否有HBV携带者加强免疫发生率低[OR(95%CI)=0.186(0.062~0.552)];乙型肝炎知识≥16分组加强免疫发生率高于≤11分组[OR(95%CI)=1.789(1.371~2.333)];风险态度为9~11分者加强免疫发生率高于5~8分者[OR(95%CI)=1.472(1.149~1.886)];监测点人群加强免疫发生率低于非监测点[OR(95%CI)=0.304(0.248~0.372)]。结论人群加强免疫行为的发生与多种因素有关,加强乙型肝炎及乙型肝炎疫苗相关知识的宣传可促进加强免疫行为的发生。

Objective To understand the situation of hepatitis B booster vaccination in population and its influencing factors,so as to provide reference for hepatitis B booster immunization.Methods The study was conducted in Zhengding county which was the monitoring site for observing the immune effect of hepatitis B vaccine and Dingxing county.Participants who were bom from 1986 to 2011 and had completed hepatitis B primary vaccination were enrolled.A questionnaire survey was carried out among the participants to analyze the situation of hepatitis B booster immunization.Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the influencing factors.Results A total of 3447 participants were included,and the rate of hepatitis B booster vaccination was 32.93%(1135 participants).Logistic regression analysis showed that the people at the age of 18-27 and 28-34,as well as high school(technical secondary school)education level had high incidence of booster vaccination[OR(95%CI)=1.485(1.173-1.879),1.855(1.362-2.525)and 1.500(1.234-1.825)].People who had a history of marriage,lived in city,took examination for hepatitis B actively had high incidence of booster immunization[OR(95%CI)=1.636(1.277-2.097),1.390(1.077-1.794)and 1.201(1.000-1.443)].People living with family members without hepatitis B had low incidence of booster immunization[OR(95%CI)=0.255(0.099-0.657)].People who didn't know whether they lived with HBV carriers had low incidence of booster immunization[OR(95%CI)=0.186(0.062-0.552)].The incidence of booster immunization in people with the score of hepatitis B knowledge≥16 was lower than that of^11[OR(95%CI)=1.789(1.371-2.333)],and in people with the score of risk attitude 9-11 was higher than that of 5-8[OR(95%CI)=1.472(l.149-1.886)].Population in monitoring site had a lower incidence rate than those in non-monitoring site[OR(95%CI)=0.304(0.248-0.372)].Conclusions The occurrence of hepatitis B booster vaccination is related to multiple factors.Strengthening the propaganda of hepatitis B and hepatitis B vaccine related knowledge can promote the occurrence of hepatitis B booster vaccination.