宪法环境基本国策对环境法法典化困境的纾解

Solutions of the Basic National Policy on Constitutional Environment to the Dilemma of Codification of Environmental Law

《中华人民共和国宪法》中的环境基本国策条款,即宪法环境基本国策,具有客观法秩序性质,是环境法法典化和体系化的最高位阶逻辑主线。“生态文明”时代环境法法典化面临范畴性困境、解法典困境和规范性困境。基本国策的宪法教义学可以发挥环境法典编纂的目标引导、边界控制和内容形成等功能。导向型宪法环境基本国策可以促进环境法典的体系融贯性与价值融贯性,协调环境法典的规范拘束力与结构开放性,并对“适度法典化”模式进行动态优化。要素型宪法环境基本国策可以对环境法典总则和分则进行规范指引,既可以课予国家公权力机关“共同但有区别”的环境保护义务,又可以通过反射性利益及其主观化来保障公民的环境权益。长远观之,应加强法典化与体系化思维导向下的“面向宪法的环境法”研究转型,妥适处理环境法法典与行政基本法典等其他部门法典的内、外部结构关系。

The provisions of the basic national policy on environment in the“Constitution of the People’s Republic of China”,that is,the basic national policy on constitutional environment,carry the feature of objective legal order,and is the highest logical line for the codification and systematization of environmental law.In the era of“ecological civilization”,the codification of environmental law is confronted with the dilemmas of categorization,decodification and normativity.The constitutional doctrine of the basic national policycan plays the role of goal guidance,boundary control and content formation of environmental codification.The basic national policy with certain orientation on cons-titutional environment can promote the consistency of the system and value of environmental codes,coordinate their normative binding force and structural openness and dynamically optimize the“appropriate codification”model.On the other hand,the element-based basic national policy on constitutional environment can regulate and guide the ge-neral and specific provisions of the environmental code,which not only imposes“common but differentiated”obligations of environmental protection on the state’s public power,but also protects citizens’environmental rights and interests through“reflexive interests”.In the long run,it is necessary to strengthen the research transformation of“constitution-oriented environmental law”under the guidance of codification and systematization and properly handle the internal and external structural relationship between the codes of environmental law and other departmental codes such as the basic administrative code.