玉米双行交错稀植种植方式的增产机理研究

Yield-increasing Mechanism of Double Row Interlacing Sparse Planting of Maize

为了探索通过改变种植方式减少玉米增密后对玉米植株产生的不利影响。以‘郑单958’为实验材料,本试验设置了等行距种植,宽窄行种植和双行交错稀植种植3种种植方式,设置3个处理:8.33万株/hm^(2),12.1万株/hm^(2)和15.1万株/hm^(2),研究高产夏玉米合理的种植模式。本试验通过增加玉米种植密度,提高了根系干物质积累,增加了棒三叶总面积,提高玉米冠层顶部的日光截获率,将绝大部分的光截获并促使净光合速率(Pn)提前达到最大,在中午强光时进行午休,保护强光下的叶片光合系统免受破坏,进而显著地提高了玉米产量。双行交错种植(SHJC)比单行种植(DH)增产3402 kg/hm^(2),增产39.83%;比宽窄行种植(KZH)增产2774.7 kg/hm^(2),增产30.26%。双行交错种植在保证玉米群体数量的前提下,减少了单株的竞争,保障了个体发育潜力的发挥。双行交错种植方式显著改善了玉米群体的冠层光分布、提高了光合特性,提高了玉米产量;在本实验条件下,双行交错种植方式下15.1万株/hm^(2)的玉米产量表现最佳。这为黄淮海地区玉米高产提供了科学合理的高产栽培模式。

To reduce the adverse effects of densification on maize plants by changing planting patterns,’Zhengdan 958’was used as the experimental material,three planting patterns were set up:equal row spacing planting,wide and narrow row planting and double row interlacing sparse planting.Three treatments were designed as 83300 plants/hm^(2),121000 plants/hm^(2)and 151000 plants/hm^(2),to study the reasonable planting pattern of high yield summer maize.By increasing the planting density of maize,the experiment increased the dry matter accumulation of root system and the total area of three ear leaves of maize,as well as the sunlight interception rate at the top of maize canopy,intercepted most of the light and achieved early maximum net photosynthetic rate(Pn).Taking a midday rest under strong light at noon could protect the photosynthetic system of leaves under strong light and increase the yield of maize significantly.The yield of double row interlacing sparse planting(SHJC)was 3402 kg/hm^(2)higher than that of equal row spacing planting(DH),increased by 39.83%,and the yield of SHJC was 2774.7 kg/hm^(2)higher than that of wide and narrow row planting(KZH),increased by 30.26%.Under the premise of ensuring the population quantity of maize,SHJC could reduce the competition of individual plant and ensure the development potential of individual plant.SHJC could significantly improve canopy light distribution,photosynthetic characteristics and maize yield,and151000 plants/hm^(2)had the best performance.The study provides a high-yield cultivation model for maize in Huang-Huai-Hai region.