侵犯公民个人信息罪的保护法益及其运用——从个人信息的公共属性切入

The Protection the Legal Interests Concerning the Crime of Infringing on Citizens’Personal Information and Its Application——Beginning with the Public Attribute of Personal Information

当前学界对侵犯公民个人信息罪法益的讨论中,个人法益论忽视个人信息的公共属性,超个人法益论忽视个人信息的个体属性,问题归结于个人信息的双重属性尤其是公共属性的理解。由个人信息的公共属性引申出的超个人法益不是由个体的个人信息权集合而成的秩序、安全、信赖或信息收集主体的信息专有权,而是限制个人信息权的信息利用利益,其并非本罪法益。本罪法益是个人法益的个人信息权,是大数据时代为预防风险将传统法益前置保护的法益。个人信息权具有多种权能,具体权能的法益配置应采用场景公正理论,在特定情境下完整考虑信息主体、信息类型和传播原则3个变量并综合判断。在已采取信息类型为中心的立法背景下,应允许不同具体情境中的法益反证。

In the current academic debate on the legal interests concerning the crime of infringing on citizens’personal information,the personal legal interest ignores the public attribute of information,while the super personal legal interest neglects the individual attribute of information.The problem comes down to the understanding of the dual attributes of personal information,especially the public attribute.The super personal legal interest derived from the public attribute of personal information is not the information exclusive right of order,security,trust or information collection subject authorized by individual personal information right,rather the information utilization interest of restricting personal information right,which is not the legal interest.The legal interest is the personal information right of the personal legal interest,and it is the legal interest that pre protects the traditional legal interest in order to prevent risks in the era of big data.Personal information right has many kinds of power and functions.The allocation of the legal interests of specific power and functions should be based on Contextual Integrity Theory.In specific cases,the three variables of information subject,type and communication principle should be considered and judged comprehensively.Under the background of information type centered legislation,it should be allowed to disprove legal interest in different situations.