基于太阳能电池微裂纹的失效分析与光伏发电系统优化设计

A Failure Analysis and Photovoltaic System Optimization Design Based on Solar Cell Micro-crack

为了提高分布式光伏发电系统的稳定性和光电转化效率,本文对运行了数年的光伏发电系统进行便携式光电检测,观察到光伏系统中一些组件不能正常工作.光伏组件的受热不均匀导致其局部受热,是造成光伏组件微裂纹产生的主要原因.针对该现象,论文对光伏发电系统的受热进行优化设计.本文研究发现,采用半片及多主栅技术的PERC太阳能电池组件、减少光伏系统的阴影遮挡,可以使光伏组件受热均匀,从而有效减少光伏组件微裂纹的产生.通过PVsyst@软件对光伏发电系统进行模拟,实验表明了优化后的光伏发电系统年发电量可提升15%以上.该设计方案可以提高分布式光伏系统的稳定性和光电转化效率,对正常工作时间达25年以上的光伏发电系统尤为重要.

In order to improve the stability and photoelectric conversion efficiency of distributed photovoltaic power generation systems, this paper carries out portable photoelectric detection on a photovoltaic power generation system that has been running for several years, and it is observed that some photovoltaic modules in the photovoltaic system cannot work normally. Uneven heating of photovoltaic modules leads to local heating, which is the main cause of micro-cracks in photovoltaic modules. In view of this phenomenon, the heating of photovoltaic power generation systems is optimized in this paper. It is found that the PERC solar module with half-chip and multiple bus-bar(MBB) technology can reduce the shadow of the photovoltaic system, make the photovoltaic module heat evenly, and effectively reduce the generation of micro-cracks in photovoltaic modules. The photovoltaic power generation system is simulated by PVsyst@software. An experiment shows that the annual power generation of the optimized photovoltaic power generation system can be increased by more than 15%. The design scheme can improve the stability and photoelectric conversion efficiency of distributed photovoltaic systems, which is particularly important for photovoltaic power generation systems with a normal working life of more than 25 years.