1989-2018年中国十五省(自治区、直辖市)18-35岁成年人膳食能量及宏量营养素摄入状况

Intakes of energy and macronutrient from Chinese 15 provinces(autonomous regions,municipalities)adults aged 18 to 35 in 1989-2018

目的分析1989-2018年中国十五省(自治区、直辖市)18~35岁成年人膳食能量及宏量营养素摄入状况及变化趋势。方法数据来自“中国健康与营养调查”1989-2018年间11轮随访调查,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,对中国十五省(自治区、直辖市)的25400名18~35岁成年人的有效膳食数据进行分析。膳食调查采用连续3天24小时回顾询问法和家庭称重记账法,利用食物成分表中的食物营养素数据将食物消费量转换成能量及各类营养素摄入量进行分析。结果1989-2018年,中国18~35岁成年人膳食能量摄入量总体呈下降趋势,其中膳食脂肪摄入量呈上升趋势,蛋白质和碳水化合物摄入量均呈下降趋势。从宏量营养素供能比来看,碳水化合物供能比逐渐下降,蛋白质和脂肪供能比升高,膳食蛋白质摄入量低于平均需要量的人群比例逐渐增加,脂肪供能比高于30%的人群比例逐渐上升,碳水化合物供能比小于50%的人群比例逐年上升。结论中国18~35岁成年人膳食宏量营养素结构有着较大的变化,各宏量营养素与其推荐摄入量仍有差距。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the dietary energy and macronutrient intake status and changing trends of adults aged 18 to 35 in 15 provinces(autonomous regions,municipalities)in China from 1989 to 2018.METHODS Based on the data from 11 rounds of follow-up survey conducted by“China Health and Nutrition Survey”between 1989 and 2018,a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to analyze the dietary data of 25400 adults aged 18 to 35.The dietary survey was conducted by using 24-hour dietary recall in three consecutive days and household weighing accounting.The food consumption was converted into energy and nutrient intake by using the food nutrient data in the food composition list.RESULTS The dietary energy intake of adults aged 18 to 35 in China showed an overall downward trend.The intake of dietary fat showed an upward trend,while the intake of protein and carbohydrate showed a downward trend.From the perspective of the macronutrients energize,the contribution of carbohydrates had gradually decreased while the contribution of protein and fat increased.Meanwhile,among the surveyed population,the proportion of dietary protein intake below estimated average requirement,the proportion of fat energize contribution higher than 30%,and the proportion of carbohydrate energize contribution less than 50%were gradually increasing.CONCLUSION The dietary macronutrient structure of Chinese adults aged 18 to 35 is becoming more and more reasonable,but there is still a gap with the recommended intake.