北京市新生家长结核病防治知信行现状及行为影响因素分析

Knowledge, attitude and practice and influencing factors of practice towards tuberculosis prevention and control among parents of new students in Beijing

目的:了解北京市高中及以下新生家长对结核病防治的知识、态度及行为现状,并重点分析家长结核病预防行为的影响因素,为开展校园结核病防治健康教育提供参考依据。方法:于2021年8—9月,选择使用“北京新生肺结核筛查”微信小程序的北京市高中及以下的新生家长,在其知情自愿下进行结核病防治知信行问卷调查。对新生家长结核病防治“知信行”现状进行统计分析,采用多因素logistic回归模型对新生家长结核病预防行为的影响因素进行分析。结果:本次调查共获得51142份问卷,将其中身份为父母、答题时间大于60 s的29571份问卷纳入分析。北京市高中及以下新生家长结核病防治知信行总得分中位数(四分位数)为25.0(20.0,27.0)分,及格率为75.87%(22435/29571);知识为4.0(3.0,5.0)分,及格率为80.19%(23712/29571);态度为8.0(6.0,8.0)分,及格率为86.42%(25556/29571);行为为13.0(10.0,15.0)分,及格率为64.42%(19051/29571)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,以父亲为对照,母亲的结核病预防行为及格可能性较高(OR=0.90,95%CI:0.85~0.96);以小学及以下学生家长为对照,初中及高中学生家长不及格风险较高[(OR=1.63,95%CI:1.52~1.75)和(OR=1.43,95%CI:1.32~1.55)];以初中及以下学历家长为对照,大专及以上学历家长及格可能性较高(OR=0.72,95%CI:0.63~0.81);以机关/事业单位/企业家长为对照,农业/军人/离退休家长不及格风险较高(OR=3.48,95%CI:3.18~3.82);以入学为第一个孩子的家长为对照,入学非第一个孩子的家长的不及格风险较高(OR=1.15,95%CI:1.08~1.23);以知识和态度得分不及格的家长为对照,得分及格的家长结核病预防行为及格可能性较高(OR=0.16,95%CI:0.15~0.18)和(OR=0.08,95%CI:0.07~0.09)。结论:北京地区新生家长具备一定的结核病防治知识,对学校结核病防治态度较为积极,但部分人群也存在不足,应针对男性、初中及以下学历、农业/军人/离退休等职业、即将入学的非第一个孩子或初高中生的家长开展精准的结核病防治健康教育及行为指导。

Objective:To understand the knowledge,attitude and practice of tuberculosis prevention and control among parents of senior high school and below students in Beijing,and to analyze the influencing factors of practice,so as to provide reference for carrying out health education for tuberculosis prevention and control on campus.Methods:During August to September,2021,the parents of new students of senior high school and below in Beijing,whose children were screened by“Beijing New Student Tuberculosis Screening Program”,were selected to participate in an online survey about knowledge,attitude and practice towards tuberculosis prevention and control with informed consent.Statistical analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the status and the influencing factors.Results:A total of 51142 questionnaires were obtained,among which 29571 were filled by parents who took more than 60 seconds to answer,thus were included in analysis.The median(interquartile range)of total score,knowledge score,attitude score,behavior score of the parents were 25.0(20.0,27.0),4.0(3.0,5.0),8.0(6.0,8.0),13.0(10.0,15.0)respectively,and the pass rate of them were 75.87%(22435/29571),80.19%(23712/29571),86.42%(25556/29571),and 64.42%(19051/29571),respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that,for tuberculosis prevention behavior score,compared with fathers,pass rate of mothers was higher(OR(95%CI):0.90(0.85-0.96));compared with the parents of students in primary school and below,unpass rate of the parents of junior and senior middle school students was higher(OR(95%CI):1.63(1.52-1.75)and OR(95%CI):1.43(1.32-1.55));compared with parents with junior middle school education and below,parents with college education and above had higher pass rate(OR(95%CI)=0.72(0.63-0.81));compared with parents working for government/institutions/enterprises,parents working in agricultural sector/military or retired had lower pass rate(OR(95%CI):3.48(3.18-3.82));compared with the parents having the first child in school,the parents having non-first child in school had lower pass rate(OR(95%CI):1.15(1.08-1.23));compared with parents who failed in knowledge and attitude scores,the parents who got passed had higher pass rate in behavior score(OR(95%CI):0.16(0.15-0.18),OR(95%CI):0.08(0.07-0.09)).Conclusion:The parents of new students in Beijing had certain knowledge about tuberculosis control,and had a positive attitude towards tuberculosis control in campus.However,there were still incorrect tuberculosis prevention behaviors.We should conduct targeted health education and behavior guidance for parents who are father,having junior high school education and below,working in agricultural sector/military or retired,parents whose first child are about to enter junior and senior school,and parents with a lack of knowledge and attitude towards tuberculosis.