自认成立要件的误识与回归——兼论《新证据规定》第3条第1款的适用

Misunderstanding and Regression of Essential Elements of Self Admission——On the Application of Article 3(1)of New Evidence Provisions

不利益性仅具有辨明自认概念的意义,并非是自认成立的决定要素。现行自认规则仅以当事人一方陈述过某不利事实作为判定标准,造成先行自认成立的过度低阶化。不利要件的内容及适用存在不确定性。未被援引的先行自认并不成立自认,仅为当事人单方的不利陈述。陈述一致性要件作为推论当事人合意的外在表现是自认成立的本质要件,其可以为司法实践提供判断自认成立的明确标准,并尽量避免对当事人造成诉讼突袭。

Disinterest has a part to play in identifying the concept of self admission,but it is not a determining factor in the establishment of self admission.The current self admission rules merely take one party’s statement of an adverse fact as the judgment standard,resulting in the excessive low order of the establishment of advance self admission.The content and application of adverse elements are uncertain.The advance self admission that has not been cited does not establish self admission;it is only a unilateral adverse statement of the parties involved.As the external expression of inferring the consent of the parties,the element of statement consistency is an essential element of self admission.It can provide a clear standard for judicial practice to judge the establishment of self admission,and try to avoid litigation raid on the parties.