厦门地区初中生心理健康状况的现状调查与建议

Investigation and Suggestion on the Status of Mental Health of Junior High School Students in Xiamen

目的调查厦门地区初中生的心理健康状态,分析不同性别、年级学生的心理健康异常情况,提供有针对性的心理健康教育建议。方法采取分层随机抽样的方法,于2020年6月在厦门市2所普通初中学校各年级中随机抽取3个班级,共18个班861名学生,回收有效问卷832份,有效问卷回收率为96.63%,进行中国中学生心理健康量表(middle school students mental health scale-60,MSSMHS)测评,分析心理异常检出率、不同性别及年级心理问题特点。结果初中生心理异常检出率为329人(39.5%)。男生心理异常者为156人(35.1%),女生为173人(44.7%);初中男、女生前三位心理异常因子均为强迫症状(男51.7%,女59.9%)、情绪波动性(男48.3%,女54.5%)、学习压力感(男44.7%,女53.7%)。女生心理异常检出率高于男生(χ^(2)=8.419,P<0.05)。初一、初二、初三年级学生心理异常检出率分别为32.5%、46.3%、39.9%。初一至初三学生心理异常检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=11.182,P<0.05),初二学生的心理异常检出率显著高于初一学生的心理异常检出率(χ^(2)=11.176,P<0.05)。初一前三位心理异常因子为强迫症状(51.6%)、情绪波动性(42.4%)、焦虑(39.6%);初二前三位心理异常因子为强迫症状(61.2%)、情绪波动性(57.3%)、人际关系(51.2%);初三前三位心理异常因子为情绪波动性(54.1%)、强迫症状(53.7%)、学习压力感(50.7%)。结论厦门地区初中生心理健康状况不容乐观,尤其应关注初中女生、初二学生的心理健康状态。除呈现情绪不平衡、强迫心理异常外,初一学生容易出现焦虑情绪,初二学生容易出现人际关系问题,初三学生出现学习压力困扰。

Objective To investigate the mental health status of junior high school students in Xiamen,analyze the mental health abnormalities of different genders and grades,and provide targeted educational advice.Methods Using the method of stratified random sampling,in June 2020,a total of 861 students in 18 classes were randomly selected from 3 classes in 2 general junior secondary schools in Xiamen.832 valid questionnaires were recovered,with an effective rate of 96.63%.Chinese middle school students’mental health scale(MSSMHS)was used to analyze the prevalence of psychological abnormality,the characteristics of psychological problems in different genders and grades.Results The psychological abnormal detection rate of junior high school students was 329(39.5%).There were different abnormal detection rate of genders,which were 156(35.1%)in male and 173(44.7%)in female.The top three factors of junior high school students’psychological abnormalityof genders were compulsiveness(M51.7%,F 59.9%),emotional volatility(M 48.3%,F 54.5%),study pressure(M 44.7%,F 53.7%).Mental abnormal detection rate of females was higher than males(χ^(2)=8.419,P<0.05).There were different psychological abnormality in grades,which was 32.5%in the seventh grade,46.3%in the eighth grade,39.9%in ninth grade.There were different psychological abnormality in grades(χ^(2)=11.182,P<0.05).The detection rate of mental abnormality in the eighth grade was significantly higher than that in the seventh grade(χ^(2)=11.176,P<0.05).Three factors of psychological abnormality in the seventh grade were compulsiveness(51.6%),emotional volatility(42.4%),anxiety(39.6%);three factors of the eighth grade were compulsiveness(61.2%),emotional volatility(57.3%),interpersonal relationship(51.2%);three factors of the ninth grade were emotional volatility(54.1%),compulsiveness(53.7%),study pressure(50.7%).Conclusion The mental health status of junior high school students is not optimistic,especially female students and the students in eighth grade.In addition to emotional volatility and compulsiveness,the psychological abnormality of the seventh grade is anxious,which are interpersonal relationship in the eighth grade and study pressure in the ninth grade.